The HOT List of TAKS Vocabulary

1
The HOT List of TAKS Vocabulary

• Words you should know

2
Dilation

• A change in the size of a figure that results in
  the image getting smaller (reduction) or bigger
  (enlargement)

3
Scale factor

• A factor is a number you use to multiply. In
  this case, a scale factor is a number that is
  used to DILATE a figure. It could make the
  figure smaller (reduction, less than 1) or bigger
  (enlargement, greater than 1).

Enlargement
Reduction
4
To find a scale factor

• Write the new measurement over the original
  measurement. Simplify or consider other ways to
  express the value.

This also equals 2 1/3 OR 2.333
7
3
5
Similar Figures

• Figures that have congruent angles and
  proportional sides (CAPS)
• A scale factor exists between similar figures
  (sometimes, its obvious, but other times you
  must write and solve a proportion)

3.2 cm
2.1 cm
x
4.3 cm
6
Reflection

• A transformation that flips an image, usually
  over the x or y axis.

X axis
Y axis
7
Rotation

• A transformation that turns an image around a
  center point

8
Translation

• A transformation that slides an image up/down,
  left/right, or a combination of both

,
I am the new, or prime, image
I am the original image
This transformation was to the right and up
9
Coordinate Graph

• A graph that uses ordered pairs to name locations

II
I
(,)
(-,)
x
(,-)
(-,-)
IV
III
y
10
Scientific Notation

• A way of writing very large or very small numbers

• Requires an exponent
• for big
• for small
• The exponent used tells how many times to move
  the decimal!

___ x 10?
A number between 1 and 9.99999
Must be times 10
11
Rational number

• A number that can be written as the ratio of a to
  b, as long as b ? 0
• Examples
• ½ .5 50
• 3 3/1 3.0 300

For the most part, these are the numbers that we
convert into other forms fractions, decimals,
and percents
12
Square root
A number, that when multiplied by itself, equals
a given product.
Occasionally, a square root is represented as
being the side of a square.
5
25
13
Irrational number

• Numbers that CANNOT be written as the ratio of a
  to b
• For example ? and

x
4
5
The square root of 17 is larger than 4, but less
than 5. It is closer to the 4.
14
Pythagorean Theorem

• This formula works with RIGHT triangles to
  determine the length of a leg or hypotenuse.
• a2 b2 c2
• a and b are legs and create the right angle
• c is the hypotenuse, or longest side

c2 25
24 feet
x
c 5
b 3
POND
b2 9
26 feet
a 4
z
a2 16
How long is a bridge from point x to point z?
15
Proportional Relationship

• Passes thru the origin when graphed
• The ratio of y to x can be simplified to the same
  thing
• The equation has no constant

x y
3 6
7 14
3.1 6.2
y mx
16
Non-Proportional Relationship

• Does NOT pass thru the origin
• The ratio of y to x varies
• The equation has a constant

x y
3 5
4 8
7 11
Y mx b
17
Proportions

• Used to make comparisons
• Used in similar figures
• Used to make measurement conversions
• Used to find unit rates
• Used to work with percents
• Can be written 4 different ways, as long as the
  cross-products are the same!

18
Percent words

• Commission the money someone makes selling
  goods or merchandise
• Discount savings the money you save when
  something is on sale
• Tax the money you pay when you buy something
• Tip the money you leave a waiter or waitress
• Sale price a reduced price

19
Scatter plot

• A graph that shows the relationship between 2
  things
• Allows trends or correlations to be determined

Positive (uphill)
Negative (downhill)
No trend
20
Venn diagram

• Allows similarities and differences to be made
  between data

Set A
Set B
Both sets
Neither set
21
Box and Whisker Plot

• A way to organize data using the median and
  quartiles to show distribution

least value
greatest value
median
upper quartile
lower quartile
22
Histogram

• Used to make comparisons and show distribution of
  data
• Very similar to a bar graph, but data is grouped
  into intervals

Notice that the bars are touching and represent a
range of data 0 to 10, 10 to 20, etc.
23
Bar Graph

• Used to make comparisons

Notice that the bars do not touch and each one
represents a single piece of data on the x-axis.
24
Line Graph

• Shows change over time

25
Line Plot

• Shows distribution of data

26
Circle graph

• shows the parts of a whole, often in percentages

27
Measures of Central Tendency

• Mean find the sum of the values and divide
  (makes all the data the same size)
• Median least to greatest, find the middle (cuts
  the data into the top and bottom half)
• Mode the most, or favorite (indicates frequency
  or distribution of data)

28
Another measure of data

• Range the difference between the largest and
  smallest piece of data (used to show variation or
  consistency of data)

29
Outlier

• A piece of data that is significantly smaller or
  larger than the rest and stands out as being out
  of place
• An outlier doesnt have much affect on the median
  or mode, but can really affect a range or a mean
• Example 2, 4, 4, 7, 89

30
Sampling Methods

• Random no specific rule is applied to determine
  who will be surveyed
• Systematic a rule is followed, such as every
  10th person OR only the students in the 8th grade

31
Validity/Bias

• If careful thought is not given to a sample being
  taken, then the results may not be accurate to
  reflect a larger population
• Example If you question the PE boys about if
  the girls should get their locker room remodeled
  before the boys doOR if you ask the kids in math
  club their favorite class

32
Perimeter/Circumference

• The distance around the outside of a polygon or
  circle
• For perimeter, add
• For circumference, use the formula
• Measured in linear units feet, inches, cm
• Can be disguised as fencing, a frame, a
  revolution on a ferris wheel, the distance a tire
  rolls

33
Area

• The amount of space inside a 2-dimensional object
• Measured in square units ft2, in2, yd2
• Use the appropriate formula for the shape
• Can be disguised as grass in a yard, paint on a
  wall, glass over a picture

34
Surface area (also measured in square units)

• Lateral surface area
• Leaves off the base or bases of a 3-dimensional
  figure! May also be for a net.

• Total surface area
• Covers the entire outer surface of a
  3-dimensional figure! May also be for a net.

Leave off the two circles!
Leave off the bottom of a pyramid.
35
Volume

• The amount needed to fill (capacity) a
  3-dimensional object
• Measured in cubic units yd3, ft3, m3
• Use the correct formula for the shape

36
Probability

• The likelihood of a single event occurring
• P(event)
• Written as a fraction, it can be simplified or
  converted into other equivalent forms

37
Compound Probability

• The likelihood of more than one event occurring
• P (event, another event)
• Write a fraction for each event and then multiply

38
Independent Probability

• In compound probability, the first event has no
  effect on future events
• Examples
• a spinner and a number cube
• flipping a coin 3 times
• an experiment WITH replacement

39
Dependent Probability

• In compound probability, the first event has an
  effect on the outcome of future events
• Example
• An experiment WITHOUT replacement

40
(No Transcript)