A Geographic Knowledge Base for Semantic Web Applications

1
A Geographic Knowledge Base for Semantic Web
Applications
Linguateca www.linguateca.pt

• Marcirio Silveira Chaves
• Mário J. Silva
• Bruno Martins

20º Brazilian Symposium on Databases - SBBD
2005 Uberlândia - MG
2
Motivation/Context

• GKB - Geographic Knowledge Base
• Geographic
• Network
• Information exported as ontologies
• Geographic-aware Semantic Web applications
• GREASE Geographic Reasoning for Search Engines

3
Presentation Structure

• Conceptual Design of GKB
• Knowledge Integration
• Using Geographic Knowledge in GKB
• GKB as an Ontology
• Statistics of the Ontologies Created
• Applications using GKB
• Final Remarks

4
Information Sources used by GKB

• Geo-Administrative and Geo-Physical Domain
• Administrative
• Postal
• Gazetteers
• Wikipedia

• Network Domain
• FCCN
• Web domains
• Web sites

5
Architecture of GKB
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Feature concept in GKB

• A meaningful object in the selected domain of
  discourse ISO19109.
• Ex.
• countries, cities and localities

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Conceptual Design of GKB

• GKB meta-model

8
Presentation Structure

• Conceptual Design of GKB
• Knowledge Integration
• Using Geographic Knowledge in GKB
• GKB as an Ontology
• Statistics of the Ontologies Created
• Applications using GKB
• Final Remarks

9
Knowledge Integration in GKB

• GKB hierarchy from different information sources
• Algorithm
• It searches the lowest common features types in
  both hierarchies
• If it holds, it identifies the common instances
  between the hierarchies
• Once the common instances are identified, it goes
  up the hierarchy and searches for the lowest
  common ancestor
• It verifies the distance (in number of
  relationships partOf) between the common
  instances of the features types and its
  ancestors. The ancestor, which has the small
  distance up to the common instances is merged
  through a relationship partOf with the ancestor
  in the another hierarchy.
• The existing relationships in both hierarchies
  are maintained.

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Knowledge Integration in GKB

• GKB hierarchy from different information sources

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Knowledge Integration in GKB

• GKB hierarchy from different information sources

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Knowledge Integration in GKB

• GKB hierarchy from different information sources

13
Knowledge Integration in GKB
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Presentation Structure

• Conceptual Design of GKB
• Knowledge Integration
• Using Geographic Knowledge in GKB
• GKB as an Ontology
• Statistics of the Ontologies Created
• Applications using GKB
• Final Remarks

15
Using Geographic Knowledge in GKB

• Geographic scopes
• www.cm-lisboa.pt
• Lisboa (municipality)
• Rules
• New relationships and knowledge
• Description Logics (DLs)
• Geo domain
• Names composed of multiple words are represented
  in different ways
• Network domain
• Names of URLs are decomposed by the correspondent
  domain division

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Using Geographic Knowledge in GKB

• ABox in DLs for the
• municipality of Santiago do Cacém
• geoFeatureName(270,santiagodocacem)
• geoFeatureName(270,santiagocacem).
• geoFeatureName(270,santiago-do-cacem).
• geoFeatureName(270,santiago-cacem).
• geoFeatureType(270,CON).
• web site www.cm-santiago-do-cacem.pt
• netSiteSubDomain(33684,www).
• netSitePrefix(33684,cm).
• netSiteDomainToken(33684,santiago-do-cacem).
• netSiteTLD(33684,pt).

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Using Geographic Knowledge in GKB

• Terminology Description (TBox in DLs)
• Municipalities
• hasScope(idN,idG) ?
• ?netSiteDomainToken(idN,X) ?
• ((?netSitePrefix(idN,cm) ? ?netSitePrefix(idN,m
  un)) ?
• ?geoFeatureType(idG,CON) ?
• ?geoFeatureName(idG,X).

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Using Geographic Knowledge in GKB

• Ex.
• hasScope(idN,idG) ?
• ?netSiteDomainToken(idN,X) ?
• (?netSitePrefix(idN,cm) ? ?netSitePrefix(idN,m
  un)) ?
• ?geoFeatureType(idG,CON) ?
• ?geoFeatureName(idG,X).
• netSiteDomainToken(33684, santiago-do-cacem).
• netSitePrefix(33684, cm).
• geoFeatureType(270, CON).
• geoFeatureName(270, santiago-do-cacem).
• New knowledge hasScope(33684, 270).

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Using Geographic Knowledge in GKB

• Rule-based assigned scopes by GKB to sites of
  Portugal

• Scopes extended to the web pages under each one
  of the sites of matching subdomains

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Presentation Structure

• Conceptual Design of GKB
• Knowledge Integration
• Using Geographic Knowledge in GKB
• GKB as an Ontology
• Statistics of the Ontologies Created
• Applications using GKB
• Final Remarks

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GKB as an Ontology

• Geo-Net-PT01

ltrdfligtltgnGeo_Relationshipgt
ltgnrel_type_id rdfresource"ADJ"/gt
ltgngeo_idgt ltrdfBaggt ltrdfli
rdfresource"GEO_127"/gt
ltrdfli rdfresource"GEO_156"/gt
ltrdfli rdfresource"GEO_162"/gt
ltrdfli rdfresource"GEO_331"/gt
lt/rdfBaggt lt/gngeo_idgt
lt/gnGeo_Relationshipgtlt/rdfligt lt/rdfBaggt
lt/gnrelated_togt ltgnpopulationgt263131lt/gnpopula
tiongt lt/gnGeo_Featuregt

• ltgnGeo_Feature rdfID"GEO_238"gt
• ltgngeo_idgt238lt/gngeo_idgt
• ltgngeo_name xmllang"pt"gtPortolt/gngeo_namegt
• ltgngeo_type_id rdfresource"CON"/gt
• ltgninfo_source_id rdfresource"INE"/gt
• ltgnrelated_togt
• ltrdfBaggt
• ltrdfligt
• ltgnGeo_Relationshipgt
• ltgnrel_type_id rdfresource"PRT"/gt
• ltgngeo_idgtltrdfBaggt
• ltrdfli rdfresource"GEO_130"/gt
• ltrdfli rdfresource"GEO_3967"/gt
• lt/rdfBaggtlt/gngeo_idgt
• lt/gnGeo_Relationshipgt
• lt/rdfligt

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Statistics of the Ontologies Created
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Presentation Structure

• Conceptual Design of GKB
• Knowledge Integration
• Using Geographic Knowledge in GKB
• GKB as an Ontology
• Statistics of the Ontologies Created
• Applications using GKB
• Final Remarks

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Applications using GKB

• NERC tool for recognizing geographical references
  in text
• Classification tool for assigning documents to a
  corresponding geographical scope
• Information retrieval interface for geographical
  queries

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Applications using GKB
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Final Remarks

• A domain-independent model for storing geographic
  and network knowledge
• Sharing of the collected knowledge as formal
  ontologies
• Geo-Net-PT01 The first public geographic
  ontology of Portugal - http//xldb.fc.ul.pt/geonet
  pt
• Future work
• Augmenting the knowledge in GKB with geographic
  entities extracted from the texts of the
  Portuguese Web