Automated Wireless Identification System AWIS For Observing Social Interactions Of Animals In The Wi

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Automated Wireless Identification System (AWIS)
For Observing Social Interactions Of Animals In
The Wild A Review Of Bluetooth Wireless APIs

• Sam Knights
• Rhodes University
• Supervisors Dr G. Foster and Prof P. Clayton

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Purpose

• Report on the findings of my Literature Review,
  and Progress in Investigating Bluetooth APIs.

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Presentation Outline

• Current Animal Tracking Methods
• Other Wireless Technologies
• Bluetooth
• Goals and Vision
• Bluetooth Specification Architecture and
  Profiles
• Application Programming Interfaces
• Bluetooth Application Development
• My Approach and plans

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Project Introduction

• Individual animal identification and
• interaction
• Behavioral patterns
• GPS, infrared imagery, GSM, satellite
• Enabled devices - collars
• Transmit information when in range of other
  animals
• Transfer to access points (on trees/ rocks)
• Motivation for using Bluetooth
• 10m range, low power and cost, small size
• Dynamic nature of networks formed

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Current Animal Tracking Methods

• Radio Collars WWF
• Forward-Looking Infrared Imagery
• Radio Collars not ideal
• High maintenance, expense, injury, fertility
• GPS logger pigeons, dogs
• GPS remote data download
• Via GSM, Satellite or Radio
• BlueTrak uses Bluetooth

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Other Wireless Technologies

• Infrared Wireless
• IEEE 802.11b (WiFi)
• Always on
• Induction Wireless
• Magnetic field. Unsuitable range 3m,
• low data speed
• Ultra Wideband
• Low power, high transfer.
• Not standardized.
• ZigBee
• Lower power than Bluetooth. Just emerging.

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Bluetooth Quick Overview

• Name James Karach of Intel
• Goals and Vision
• Universal, ubiquitous connectivity
• From the outset module small and portable
• Dynamic nature of BT networks
• Slow adoption complex usage profiles.
• Specification divided into
• Architecture
• Profiles

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Bluetooth Specification

• Architecture (how technology works)
• Single chip design RF radio, baseband and
  microprocessor
• ISM radio spectrum (global use, compatibility)
  transmitted using frequency hopping.
• Network topologies Piconets and Scatternets
• Profiles (how technology used)
• vertical slice through the
• Bluetooth Stack.
• e.g. generic access, serial port,
• service discovery, object push

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Bluetooth Application Development

• No definition in specification
• How application should talk to stack
• How simple exposed API is defined
• Vendors SDKs
• e.g. Widcomm, Socket, SourceForge (Open Source)
• Competing groups, specific
  architectures
• Only Standard API Java
• Universal Home-API
• Embedded Linux Consortium

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Bluetooth Application Development

• Working with Windows APIs
• Isnt easy, clean or quick.
• Two standard interfaces to Bluetooth Stack

VIRTUAL SERIAL PORTS
Winsock
Socket paradigm
Unique implementation
Stream and Datagram
Legacy support
Synchronous
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Winsock Communication over Bluetooth
Create Socket
Bind to Socket (48 bit BT address, RFCOMM channel)
Listening
Accept client
CLIENT
SERVER
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Winsock Communication over Bluetooth
Create Socket
Device Service discovery
Connect (RFCOMM)
Send Receive
CLIENT
SERVER
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Approach and Progress

• Aim Investigate APIs connectivity and data
  transfer
• Tools
• two Bluetooth devices
• 1 HP4000 PDA and 1 DLink dongle
• Embedded Visual C and Pocket PC 2003
• Some issues when coding/ testing
• Incompatibility versions of Windows CE
• Unable to get very low down into the API.
• Experimented with Winsock and Serial Ports
• Unsuccessful with Winsock need correct SDK
• Serial ports worked used terminal emulators
• Is Bluetooth the way to go?
• Device and Service discovery expensive

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The way forward

• Ordered the Widcomm SDK, provides
• Development tools application development and
  stack testing.
• User applications Connection Manager,
  Configuration Control Panel, and Tray application
  
• Scalable, small footprint, using configuration
  parameters and link-time configuration
• Source code for Bluetooth Specification 1.2
  compliant embedded protocol stack all core stack
  layers and mandatory profiles.
• This means hopefully more interaction with APIs
  and Bluetooth Stack

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Summary and Conclusion

• Many other wireless technologies
• Bluetooth Standardised
• Size, power and cost
• Current Animal tracking technology
• Limited by power consumption, cost, comfort
• Mostly for tracking, not social interaction
• Application Programming Interfaces
• No standard
• Winsock and Virtual Serial Ports
• Widcomm Stack

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Questions?
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(No Transcript)
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Wireless Projects
A. King Peer-to-peer networking , Data transfer
B.Clayton Scatternets, Ad-hoc networking
S. Knights Application Programming Interfaces
BLUETOOTH STACK
B. Fox Custom operating system image