2130 Personality Psychology Know Thyself - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

1 / 40
About This Presentation
Title:

2130 Personality Psychology Know Thyself

Description:

2130 Personality Psychology Know Thyself – PowerPoint PPT presentation

Number of Views:92
Avg rating:3.0/5.0
Slides: 41
Provided by: art747
Category:

less

Transcript and Presenter's Notes

Title: 2130 Personality Psychology Know Thyself


1
2130 Personality Psychology Know Thyself
  • Professor Ian McGregor
  • Lecture 4 Research Methods

2
Interpreting Your Z-scores http//www.youtube.com
/watch?vqDYlnUuqr4Yfeaturerelated
Z score of 2.0 means that you are at the highest
2.5th ile Z score of 1.5 means that you are at
the highest 7th ile Z score of 1.0 means that
you are at the highest 16th ile Z score of 0.5
means that you are at the highest 30th
ile applies also to negative numbers but at
lowest iles
3
Quiz 2 Written Answer Questions
  • Compare results of contemporary research on the
    Big-5 to Freuds view of personality development?
    (6 marks two single spaced pages max).
  • Describe four ways that people can come to know
    what isnt so, i.e., hold false beliefs with
    such conviction? (3 marks one single spaced page
    max)

4
Online Research
  • First few studies due for today. I will leave
    them up until midnight Tuesday, and then they
    will be taken down.
  • Credit trackingdont worry, two studies wont
    show your credit but you will get it if you did
    them.
  • For online Study 4click Go to next task and
    type in 2130 for username and password.
  • Be sure you have done the pretesting in SONA or
    you might not be able to see all the 2130
    studies.
  • In-lab studyextension to before week 8 lecture.
  • Questions? Mike Prentice mprent_at_yorku.ca

5
Lecture 4 Outline
  • Traits review and links to goals and
    attitudeshow are traits transmitted?
  • The case of agreeableness and testosterone.
  • How we know what isnt so
  • Research Methods (how to know what is so)
  • Correlational
  • Experimental

6
Trait Correlations with Major Life GoalsRoberts
Robins, 2000, PSPB
  • success E .3 C .2 O -.3 A -.2
  • Career and graduate school C .2
  • Aesthetic O .4
  • Social Welfare A .3
  • Relationships and Children E .3
  • Political Influence E .3
  • Fun and Excitement E .4
  • Personal Growth O .3
  • Traditional Marriage O -.3

7
Traits and AttitudesOlson et al., 2001, JPSP
  • MZ DZ
  • Crossword puzzles 46 11
  • Immigration 47 20
  • Euthanasia 45 21
  • Racial discrimination 37 0
  • Organized sports 52 10
  • Looking ones best 42 14
  • Abortion 53 28
  • Organized religion 43 21
  • Leading groups 40 08
  • Reading books 55 24

8
How Can Traits be Heritable but Not Run In
Families?
  • 7 rings, fire captains, fashion design etc
  • Son of a Baptist minister and traditional
    religious belief????
  • How can traits and attitudes be genetic but not
    run in families?
  • Emergenesis jigsaw puzzle analogy
  • How do genes translate into traits?
  • E.g., oxytocin, testosterone, agreeableness

9
Disagreeable Forms of Coping(Reinisch, 1981,
Science)
10
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia and Boy
Toys(Berenbaum Hines, 1992, Psychological
Science)
11
Higher or Wider?
12
Longer? Wider?
13
Chase Scene?
14
How We Know What Isnt So
  • 1. Representativeness heuristic
  • 2. Overinterpreting chance Excessive impact of
    vivid confirming information
  • 3. Knowing what we expect
  • 4. Knowing what we want

15
Representativeness Heuruistic
  • Joseph is a very quiet, timid, introverted, and
    organized person. If you had to bet money, would
    you bet that he was
  • Truck driver or librarian?
  • phenomena that resemble each other seem likely to
    be functionally related.

16
WWII Strategic Bombing of London?
17
Psychic Powers?
18
Psychic Powers?
1/10
1/10
19
Seeing What We Expect
  • Is my Father a Baptist Minister?
  • Divide class in half for next exercise, and look
    at image for 5 seconds

20
Gary
21
  • Switch and other half close eyes and other half
    look for 5 seconds.

22
Mary
23
  • What do you see when I flash the next image?

24
(No Transcript)
25
  • Who saw a man in the last slide?
  • Who saw a women

26
TAT What do you see?
27
Try not seeing Spot
28
Believing What They Expected to Believe About
Capital Punishment Polarizing Effect of Exposure
to Mixed Evidence(Idealized pattern of results
from Lord, Ross, Lepper, 1979, JPSP)
29
Believing What They Wanted to Believe about
Extraversion(Idealized pattern of results from
Kunda, 1987, JPSP)
30
Need for Research
  • Correlational
  • Theories and hypotheses
  • Operational definitions of variables
  • Scatter Plots

31
Correlations Vary from -1 to 1
Around r .2
Around r .5
r 1.0
32
Need for Research
  • Correlational
  • Theories, hypotheses, variables
  • Width of scatter and steepness of slope
  • Reliability decreases scatter (error)
  • Problems
  • Confounding third variables
  • Reverse causation
  • External validity but cant get at causes

33
Experiments
  • Random assignment to conditions
  • Manipulation independent variable
  • Experimental control can bottle causal relations
    in the lab
  • Internal validity but limited external validity
    sometimes

34
The Smart Unconscious(Dijksterhuis, Science,
2006)
Correct
Incorrect
35
Transference onto Interaction Partner Who
Resembles Your Own Lover (Anderson, 2004)
Good
1.Good Actions 2. Good Feelings 3. Good Memory
Bad
Interaction Partner Described as Resembling
36
Displaced of Aggression(Idealized pattern of
results from Marcus Newhall, Pedersen, et
al.,2000)
37
Dream Rebound (Idealized from Wegner, et
al.,2004)
Yes
No
38
Participants Asked to Talk about Worst
Moments(Idealized pattern of results from
Weinberger Davidson, 1994)
Also blood pressure and HR up
Also, more Hedges and Qualifications
Slow Here
Slow
Fast
39
Responses of Repressors to Seeing Horrible
Movie(Idealized pattern of results from Boden
Baumeister, 1997)
Slow
Fast
40
Reasons for Personality Science Revival
  • Big-5
  • Experimental Personality Research
  • Trait aggression
  • X situational frustration or priming (press)
Write a Comment
User Comments (0)
About PowerShow.com