Title: 2130 Personality Psychology Know Thyself
12130 Personality Psychology Know Thyself
- Professor Ian McGregor
- Lecture 4 Research Methods
2Interpreting Your Z-scores http//www.youtube.com
/watch?vqDYlnUuqr4Yfeaturerelated
Z score of 2.0 means that you are at the highest
2.5th ile Z score of 1.5 means that you are at
the highest 7th ile Z score of 1.0 means that
you are at the highest 16th ile Z score of 0.5
means that you are at the highest 30th
ile applies also to negative numbers but at
lowest iles
3Quiz 2 Written Answer Questions
- Compare results of contemporary research on the
Big-5 to Freuds view of personality development?
(6 marks two single spaced pages max). - Describe four ways that people can come to know
what isnt so, i.e., hold false beliefs with
such conviction? (3 marks one single spaced page
max)
4Online Research
- First few studies due for today. I will leave
them up until midnight Tuesday, and then they
will be taken down. - Credit trackingdont worry, two studies wont
show your credit but you will get it if you did
them. - For online Study 4click Go to next task and
type in 2130 for username and password. - Be sure you have done the pretesting in SONA or
you might not be able to see all the 2130
studies. - In-lab studyextension to before week 8 lecture.
- Questions? Mike Prentice mprent_at_yorku.ca
5Lecture 4 Outline
- Traits review and links to goals and
attitudeshow are traits transmitted? - The case of agreeableness and testosterone.
- How we know what isnt so
- Research Methods (how to know what is so)
- Correlational
- Experimental
6Trait Correlations with Major Life GoalsRoberts
Robins, 2000, PSPB
- success E .3 C .2 O -.3 A -.2
- Career and graduate school C .2
- Aesthetic O .4
- Social Welfare A .3
- Relationships and Children E .3
- Political Influence E .3
- Fun and Excitement E .4
- Personal Growth O .3
- Traditional Marriage O -.3
7Traits and AttitudesOlson et al., 2001, JPSP
- MZ DZ
- Crossword puzzles 46 11
- Immigration 47 20
- Euthanasia 45 21
- Racial discrimination 37 0
- Organized sports 52 10
- Looking ones best 42 14
- Abortion 53 28
- Organized religion 43 21
- Leading groups 40 08
- Reading books 55 24
8How Can Traits be Heritable but Not Run In
Families?
- 7 rings, fire captains, fashion design etc
- Son of a Baptist minister and traditional
religious belief???? - How can traits and attitudes be genetic but not
run in families? - Emergenesis jigsaw puzzle analogy
- How do genes translate into traits?
- E.g., oxytocin, testosterone, agreeableness
9Disagreeable Forms of Coping(Reinisch, 1981,
Science)
10Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia and Boy
Toys(Berenbaum Hines, 1992, Psychological
Science)
11Higher or Wider?
12Longer? Wider?
13Chase Scene?
14How We Know What Isnt So
- 1. Representativeness heuristic
- 2. Overinterpreting chance Excessive impact of
vivid confirming information - 3. Knowing what we expect
- 4. Knowing what we want
15Representativeness Heuruistic
- Joseph is a very quiet, timid, introverted, and
organized person. If you had to bet money, would
you bet that he was - Truck driver or librarian?
- phenomena that resemble each other seem likely to
be functionally related.
16WWII Strategic Bombing of London?
17Psychic Powers?
18Psychic Powers?
1/10
1/10
19Seeing What We Expect
- Is my Father a Baptist Minister?
- Divide class in half for next exercise, and look
at image for 5 seconds
20Gary
21- Switch and other half close eyes and other half
look for 5 seconds.
22Mary
23- What do you see when I flash the next image?
24(No Transcript)
25- Who saw a man in the last slide?
- Who saw a women
26TAT What do you see?
27Try not seeing Spot
28Believing What They Expected to Believe About
Capital Punishment Polarizing Effect of Exposure
to Mixed Evidence(Idealized pattern of results
from Lord, Ross, Lepper, 1979, JPSP)
29Believing What They Wanted to Believe about
Extraversion(Idealized pattern of results from
Kunda, 1987, JPSP)
30Need for Research
- Correlational
- Theories and hypotheses
- Operational definitions of variables
- Scatter Plots
31Correlations Vary from -1 to 1
Around r .2
Around r .5
r 1.0
32Need for Research
- Correlational
- Theories, hypotheses, variables
- Width of scatter and steepness of slope
- Reliability decreases scatter (error)
- Problems
- Confounding third variables
- Reverse causation
- External validity but cant get at causes
33Experiments
- Random assignment to conditions
- Manipulation independent variable
- Experimental control can bottle causal relations
in the lab - Internal validity but limited external validity
sometimes
34The Smart Unconscious(Dijksterhuis, Science,
2006)
Correct
Incorrect
35Transference onto Interaction Partner Who
Resembles Your Own Lover (Anderson, 2004)
Good
1.Good Actions 2. Good Feelings 3. Good Memory
Bad
Interaction Partner Described as Resembling
36Displaced of Aggression(Idealized pattern of
results from Marcus Newhall, Pedersen, et
al.,2000)
37Dream Rebound (Idealized from Wegner, et
al.,2004)
Yes
No
38Participants Asked to Talk about Worst
Moments(Idealized pattern of results from
Weinberger Davidson, 1994)
Also blood pressure and HR up
Also, more Hedges and Qualifications
Slow Here
Slow
Fast
39Responses of Repressors to Seeing Horrible
Movie(Idealized pattern of results from Boden
Baumeister, 1997)
Slow
Fast
40Reasons for Personality Science Revival
- Big-5
- Experimental Personality Research
- Trait aggression
- X situational frustration or priming (press)