Dr' John R' Haines

1
REDUCTION OF POLLUTANT TRANSPORT WHERE ARE WE?

• Dr. John R. Haines
• Microbiologist
• USEPA-NRMRL-Ci
• 513-569-7446
• Haines.john_at_epa.gov
• December 2004

2
Minimizing Pollutant Movement

• 1. Soil Erosion Control-USDA Guidance
• 2. Sediment Control
• 3. Phosphorus Control
• 4. Nitrogen Control
• 5. Microorganism Control

3
Removal of N, P, Sediment by buffers and wetlands
4
Removal of microorganisms in buffer strips and
wetlands
5
TILE DRAIN EFFECTS

• POTENTIAL RAPID MOVEMENT OF CONTAMINANTS
• ZONE OF INFLUENCE

6
USDA Guidance

• www.info.usda.gov/CED/default.cfm
• www.info.usda.gov/CED/ftp/CED/neh16.pdf
• www.groundwatersystems.com/agwaste.html
• www.ftw.nrcs.usda.gov/awmfh.html
• www.wcc.nrcs.usda.gov/technical/standards/nhcp.htm
  l
• www.nrcs.usda.gov/technical/standards/nhcp_notices
  .html
• National Practice Standards of interest include
  328, 329, 330, 332, 344, 393, 585, and 586
• www.nrcs.usda.gov/technical/land
• www.nrcs.usda.gov/awm
• www.nrcs.usda.gov/technical/nutrient/html
• www.nrcs.usda.gov/sitemap.html
• www.ars.usda.gov/research/projects/projects.htm
• http//policy.nrcs.usda.gov/scripts/lpsiis.dll/M/M
  _190_NAM.htm
• http//soils.usda.gov
• http//efotg.nrcs.usda.gov/efotg_locator

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LAND APPLICATION

• LAGOON CONTENT, lb/1000 gal
• N
  P
• Liquid range all sp. 0.17-6.25 0.08-0.83
  
• Solid range (sludge) 24-51.7 17.5-45.8
• 1 acre inch 102,778 L 27154 gal
• NH3-N at 100 mg/L 10.3 Kg/acre in

8
Manure Nutrient Production
Values are as excreted, combines several types
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MANURE NUTRIENT LOAD
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TIMING, LOCATION, METHOD

• SEASONAL
• RAINFALL
• LOCATION
• VEGETATION
• SURFACE
• INCORPORATED

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INTEGRATED SYSTEMS

• MANURE STORAGE PRIOR TO LAND APPLICATION
• CAN BE A COMPOSTING SYSTEM
• CAN REDUCE MICROORGANISM LOAD
• CAN REDUCE NITROGEN LOSSES

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INTEGRATED SYSTEMS

• VEGETATED BUFFERS ABOVE WETLANDS
• REDUCE SEDIMENT AND P TRANSPORT
• REDUCE MICROORGANISM TRANSPORT
• ENCOURAGE DENITRIFICATION
• LIMITED GROUNDWATER TREATMENT

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INTEGRATED SYSTEMS

• CH4 DIGESTER TO SOLIDS COMPOSTING TO LAND
  APPLICATION
• REDUCES MASS
• REDUCES MICROORGANISMS LOAD
• GENERATES ENERGY

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INTEGRATED SYSTEMS

• LAGOONS TO LAND APPLICATION TO VBS TO WETLANDS
• CAN REDUCE N AND P
• CAN REDUCE MICROORGANISMS
• CAN BE MODIFIED TO RECOVER CH4

15
RESEARCH NEEDS

• EVALUATION OF INTEGRATED SYSTEMS
• METHODS OF MICROORGANISM EVALUATION
• TOOLBOX OF MULTIPLE METHODS TO ADDRESS DIFFERENT
  LEVELS OF ANALYTICAL NEEDS

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RESEARCH NEEDS

• MODELING NEEDS
• VADOSE ZONE TRANSPORT
• OPTIMAL MONITORING DESIGN
• PATHOGEN FATE AND TRANSPORT
• MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUE EFFECTS