IN LARGER FREEDOM:

1
IN LARGER FREEDOM

• Towards Development, Security and Human Rights
  for All

Executive Summary 21 March 2005, A/59/2005
2
Introduction A Historic Opportunity in 2005

• The Secretary General proposes an agenda
  involving actionable policy decisions and reforms
• Consensus on key challenges and priorities must
  be revitalized in order to meet the needs and
  hopes of people everywhere
• Advances on security, development and human
  rights must take place together, otherwise none
  will succeed

3
The three inter-connected causes
Security
Development
Human Rights
4
A world of inter-connected threats and
opportunities

• It is in the self-interest of each country to
  address these key challenges effectively
• The cause of larger freedom can only be advanced
  by broad, deep and sustained global cooperation
  among States
• To mobilize and collective action, the world
  needs
• strong and capable States,
• effective partnerships with civil society and the
  private sector, and
• agile and effective regional and global
  inter-governmental institutions
• The UN must be reshaped dramatically with
  unprecedented boldness and speed

5
The Four Challenges

• Freedom from want
• Freedom from fear
• Freedom to live in dignity
• Strengthening the United Nations

6
I. Freedom from want

• Most dramatic reduction in extreme poverty the
  world has experienced took place in the last 25
  years
• On the other hand dozens of countries have become
  poorer
• More than 1 billion people still live on less
  than a dollar a day
• Each year, 3 million people die from HIV/AIDS
• 11 million children die before reaching their
  fifth birthday

7
MDGs

• A shared vision of development
• Globally accepted benchmarks of broader progress
  embraced by donors, developing countries, civil
  society and major development institutions
• Can be met by 2015 if all involved break with
  business as usual and dramatically accelerate and
  scale up action now

8
MDG 8 Global partnership for development

• Reaffirmed in 2002 at the International
  Conference on Financing for Development at
  Monterrey, Mexico and the World Summit on
  Sustainable Development in Joburg, South Africa
• Must be fully implemented
• Partnership between developing and developed
  countries must be grounded on mutual
  responsibility and accountability
• Developing countries must strengthen governance,
  combat corruption, promote private sector-led
  growth and maximize resources to fund national
  government strategies
• Developed countries must increase development
  assistance, support a new development-oriented
  trade round and a wider and deeper debt relief

9
Priority Areas for Action in 2005

• National strategies
• Financing for development
• Trade
• Debt relief

10
National strategies

• Developing countries with extreme poverty should
  by 2006 adopt and implement bold strategies to
  meet the MDG target for 2015
• Each strategy needs to take into account 7 broad
  clusters of public investments and policies
• gender equality,
• the environment,
• rural development,
• urban development,
• health systems,
• education and,
• science, technology and innovation

11
Financing for development

• Doubling of global development assistance
  required over the next few years
• Developed countries must establish a timetable to
  achieve the 0.7 target of GNP for ODA no later
  than 2015 starting with significant increases no
  later than 2006 and reaching 0.5 by 2009
• Increases should be front-loaded through an
  International Finance Facility and other
  innovative sources of finance
• The Global Fund to Fight HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis
  and Malaria must be fully funded
• Resources for an expanded comprehensive strategy
  of prevention and treatment of HIV/AIDS must be
  provided
• Must be supplemented by supporting a series of
  Quick Wins -relatively inexpensive, high impact
  initiatives such as free distribution of
  anti-malarial bednets

12
Trade

• The Doha round of trade negotiations should
  fulfil its development promise and must be
  completed no later than 2006
• Members states should provide duty-free and
  quota-free market access for all exports from the
  LDCs

13
Debt relief

• Debt sustainability should be redefined as the
  level of debt that allows a country to achieve
  the MDGs and to reach 2015 without an increase in
  debt ratios

14
Environmental sustainability

• New action needed
• Scientific and technological innovation must be
  mobilized to develop tools for mitigating climate
  change
• A more inclusive international framework
  involving, all major emitters and both developed
  and developing countries, must be developed for
  stabilizing greenhouse gas emissions beyond the
  expiry of the Kyoto Protocol in 2012
• Concrete steps required on desertification and
  biodiversity

15
Other priorities for global action

• Stronger mechanisms for infectious disease
  surveillance and monitoring
• A world-wide early warning system on natural
  disasters
• Supporting science and technology for development
• Supporting regional infrastructure and
  institutions
• Reform of IFIs
• More effective cooperation to mange migration for
  the benefit of all

16
II. Freedom from fear

• The world lacks a basic consensus and
  implementation where it occurs if often contested
• The threats to peace and and security in the21st
  century includes not just international war and
  conflict but terrorism, WMD, organized crime and
  civil violence
• They also include poverty, deadly infectious
  diseases and environmental degradation
• Collective security means that threats perceived
  as most urgent in one region of the world is
  equal for all

17
Key policy and institutional priorities

• Preventing catastrophic terrorism
• Nuclear, chemical and biological weapons
• Reducing the prevalence and risk of war
• Use of force

18
Preventing catastrophic terrorism

• States need a comprehensive anti-terrorism
  strategy based on 5 pillars
• Dissuading people from resorting terrorism or
  supporting it,
• Denying terrorists access to funds and materials
• Deterring States from sponsoring terrorism,
• Developing State capacity to defeat terrorism,
  and
• Defending human rights
• States should conclude a comprehensive convention
  on terrorism
• Should also complete the convention for the
  suppression of acts of nuclear terrorism

19
Nuclear, chemical and biological weapons

• Disarmament Nuclear-weapon states should
  further reduce their arsenals of non-strategic
  nuclear weapons, pursue arms control agreements,
  reaffirm their commitment to negative security
  assurances and uphold the moratorium on nuclear
  test explosions
• Non-proliferation IAEA verification
  strengthened through universal adoption of the
  Model Additional Protocol States should
  complete, sign and implement a fissile material
  cut-off treaty

20
Reducing the prevalence and risk of war

• Create an inter-governmental Peacebuilding
  Commission and Peacebuilding Support Office
  within the UN Secretariat
• Strengthen collective capacity to employ
  mediation, sanctions and peacekeeping (including
  a zero tolerance policy on sexual exploitation
  of minors and other vulnerable groups)

21
Use of force

• The Security Council adopt a resolution setting
  out the principles relating the the use of force
  and use them when deciding to authorize or
  mandate the use of force

22
Other priorities for global action

• Combating organized crime
• Preventing illicit trade in small arms and light
  weapons
• Removing landmines

23
III. Freedom to live in dignity

• In the Millennium Declaration, Member States
  agree to promote democracy, strengthen rule of
  law and respect human rights and fundamental
  freedoms
• Impressive treaty-based normative framework
  advanced over the last 6 decades, must be
  strengthened
• Move from an era of legislation to implementation

24
Priority areas for action

• Rule of law
• Human Rights
• Democracy

25
Rule of law

• Embrace responsibility to protect as a basis
  for collective action against genocide, ethnic
  cleansing and crimes against humanity
• All treaties protecting civilians should be
  ratified and implemented
• Strengthen cooperation with the International
  Court of Justice and other international or mixed
  war crimes tribunal
• Strengthen the International Court of Justice
• Strengthen the UN Secretariat capacity to
  re-establish the rule of law in conflict and post
  conflict societies

26
Human Rights

• OHCHR strengthened
• OHCHR must play a more active role in the
  deliberations of the Security Council and the
  proposed Peacebuilding Commission
• Human Rights Treaty Bodies of the UN System made
  more effective and responsive

27
Democracy

• Democracy Fund to provide assistance to countries
  seeking to establish or strengthen democracy must
  be created

28
IV. Strengthening the United Nations

• UN must be fully adapted to the needs and
  circumstances of the 21st century
• A great deal achieved since the UN Reform in 1997
• Much more needed in the Secretariat and the wider
  UN system and in the UN intergovernmental organs

29
Changes needed in

• General Assembly
• Security Council
• ECOSOC
• Proposed Human Rights Council
• The UN Secretariat

30
General Assembly

• Streamline its agenda and speed up the
  deliberative process
• Concentrate on major substantive issues
• Engage fully and systematically with the civil
  society

31
Security Council

• Expansion to broadly represent todays realities
  of power
• Consider two options - Models A and B -contained
  in the High-level Panel Report, or any other
  viable proposals
• Member States should take decision before the
  Summit in September 2005

32
ECOSOC

• Reformed so that it can
• Effectively assess progress in the UNs
  development agenda,
• Serve as a high-level development cooperation
  forum
• Provide direction for various intergovernmental
  bodies in the economic and social areas
  throughout the UN system

33
Proposed Human Rights Council

• Commission on Human Rights to be replaced by a
  smaller standing Human Rights Council
• The Human Rights Council will be the principal
  organ of the UN or subsidiary of the GA
• Members directly elected by the GA, by a
  two-thirds majority of members present and voting

34
The Secretariat

• Realign Secretariats structure
• Create a cabinet-style decision making mechanism
• Pursue a one-time staff buy-out to refresh and
  realign staff
• A comprehensive review of budget and human
  resources rules
• A comprehensive review of OIOS

35
Other priorities

• Strengthening the role of Resident Coordinators
  (RCs)
• Giving the humanitarian response system more
  effective stand-by arrangements
• Ensuring better protection of internally
  displaced people (IDP)
• Greater support to Regional organizations,
  particularly the African Union
• Update the UN Charter to abolish the enemy
  causes, the Trusteeship Council and the Military
  Staff Committee

36
Conclusion opportunity and challenge

• The world community must decide whether this
  moment of uncertainty presages wider conflict,
  deepening inequality and the erosion of the rule
  of law, or is used to renew institutions for
  peace, prosperity and human rights
• This is the time to act
• A visionary change of direction for the world
  could emerge