Sterilization

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• Sterilization
• By
• Dr. Jay Shahed

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Sterility

• Freedom
• from
• living Microorganisms.

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Medical Asepsis

• The freedom of microorganisms
• after leaving
• body.

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Surgical Asepsis

• The freedom of microorganisms before
• entering the body.

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Sterility

• 3 Steps To Reach Sterility
• Sanitization
• Disinfection
• Sterilization

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Sanitization

• 1. Scrubbing
• Careful scrubbing of instruments
• Using brush and detergent with neutral PH and low
  itching foamless soap.
• Rinse with hot water.
• Then air dry.

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• 2. Ultra Sound
• Place instruments in U.S.
• bath tank.
• Sound wave vibration
• will break contamination.

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• If can't sanitize immediately soak in detergent
  and water according to
• manufacturing recommendation

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B. Disinfection

• 1. Soaking
• Soak instruments in a Germicide solution
  according to manufacturers (1-10 hrs.)
• Use exact required percentage of detergent
• Instruments must be completely immersed in
  solution
• Close container while disinfecting
• Rinse with distilled water
• Instruments must be dried after sanitization
• Change solution after required time

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• 2. Wiping
• Instruments that could not to be soakedmust be
  wiped using Germicides.
• e.g. (Scopes, Computerized instruments,
  electrical instruments with light bulbs)

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• Types of Chemical Germicides (
  Disinfectants)
• Soap
• Alcohol
• Acid
• Phenol (antiseptic)
• Formaldehyde
• Alkaline (bleach)

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• 3. Ultra Violet light Disinfectants
• Used in O.R.

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• 4. Desiccation
• Intense drying
• (spore forming bacteria
• is resistant to this
• procedure)

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• 5. Boiling Water
• (Moist heat up to 212 F)
• Kills most vegetation form of
  pathogens
• Viruses and spores resistance

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C. Sterilization

• The maximum level of sterility that can
  be reached.

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Types

• 1. Autoclaving
• Moist steam
• Dry gas
• Dry heat (320 F) for 1 hour
• Radiation

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• Chemical Disinfectants
• Sterilant
• e.g. Cidex (Glutaraldehyde)
• Soaking
• Wiping

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• Steam autoclaving
• (Microorganisms exploded by steam)
• 15 lb pressure and 250 F temperature.
• Make sure you use distilled water always.
• Use always permeable wrapping
• Make sure the temp. is reached before
  autoclaving
• Never over load chamber
• Finish required time and pressure
• Clean autoclave as required

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Wrapping Materials

• A. Muslin -
• Always use double wrap
• B. Plastic -
• Used over containers or comes as bags
• C. Stainless steel containers-
• Comes with a lid

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Indicators

• Indicates only the steam entered the chamber and
  not the complete instruments sterility.
• Types
• Ok strips - placed inside the wrapper or in the
  chamber
• Autoclaving tape - turns black after autoclaving
• Lid of plastic bags - sealed on bag

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Storage

• Purpose to prevent further contamination.

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Types

• Wrapped
• Instruments 21-30 days ( 1 month)
• Plastic bags 21 days
• Muslin 30 days
• Clothes 6 months

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• Unwrapped
• Autoclaved in a tray.
• 2 Weeks