The Crusades

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The Crusades!

• Holy Wars or
• Barbarous Blasphemy?

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What were the Crusades

• The Crusades were a series of several military
  campaignsusually sanctioned by the Papacythat
  took place during the 11th through 13th
  centuries. Originally, they were Roman Catholic
  Holy Wars to recapture Jerusalem and the Holy
  Land from the Muslims, but some were directed
  against other Europeans
• wikipedia.com

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Crusade Factoids

• There were 9 crusades (depending how you count
  them)
• The spark Conquest of Byzantium by Seljurk
  Turks and Popes response.
• Holy war against Muslim Moors had already began
  in Spain for over 100 yrs.

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WHY?

• In 1071 at Manzikert, the shock that launched the
  Crusade, would have destroyed us-but for the
  Crusade. Constantinople would have fallen all
  Europe would have been involved-but under that
  stimulus the West moved. Gual and the Rhine,
  Normandy, Flanders, Aquiaine, Lorraine armed,
  faced East, and went forward.The issue was the
  life or death of Christendom.-Hilaire Belloc

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Role of the Pope

• In the year 1095 Pope Urban II promoted the First
  Crusade, preached by Peter the Hermit. The
  purpose of the Crusade was to take back the Holy
  City of Jerusalem, where Islam had desecrated the
  Holy Sepulcher of the Lord. After hearing the
  preachings of the Pontiff, the Faithful
  responded
• "Dieux Le Volt!" Meaning, God Wills it!

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What would Jesus do?

• We believe that the Greeks have been punished
  through the Crusades by the just judgement of
  God these Greeks who have striven to rend the
  Seamless Robe of Jesus Christ ... Those who would
  not join Noah in his ark perished justly in the
  deluge and these have justly suffered famine and
  hunger who would not receive as their shepherd
  the blessed Peter, Prince of the Apostles.
• -- Pope Innocent III, to the Greek (Byzantine)
  Emperor, after sending a group of crusaders to
  Constantinople in 1204 in humble obedience to the
  edict of Christ in Luke 1927 "But those mine
  enemies, which would not that I should reign over
  them, bring hither, and slay them before me" (the
  chronicler Geoffrey Villehardouin said that never
  since the creation of the world had so much booty
  been taken from a city),
• in G. G. Coulton, Inquisition and Liberty (1969),
  p. 164-5, quoted from Helen Ellerbe, The Dark
  Side of Christian History

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Time Line of major events

• 1095 Pope Urban II preaches 1st Crus.
• 1099 Euros take Jerusalem
• 1169 Saladin controls Egypt, take Damascus 74
• 1187 Saladin takes Jerusalem
• 1204 Crusaders sack Constantinople
• 1244 European forces lose Jerusalem for last time
• 1248 Louis IV invades Egypt
• 1258 Mongols sack Baghdad
• 1291 Sultan Khalil takes last Frankish state in
  Palestine end of Crusades.
• http//www.umich.edu/marcons/Crusades/timeline/ti
  meline3.html

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Church of the Holy Sepulchre

• 1009, when the Fatimid caliph of Cairo, al-Hakim
  bi-Amr Allah, had the Church of the Holy
  Sepulchre in Jerusalem destroyed.
• Seljuk Turks later took Syria (including
  Jerusalem) from the Fatimids.

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Saladin

• Saladin was born into a Kurdish
• family in Tikrit and was sent to
• Damascus to finish his education.
• His father, Najm ad-Din Ayyub,
• was governor of Baalbek.
• In Damascus, Saladin lived for ten
• years at the court of Nur ad-Din
• (Nureddin).
• Occupied Fatimid Egypt, became
• Sultan. Broke away from Abbs. and
• Seljuks and founded own Dynasty.

Saladin was born into a Kurdish family in
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Crusades (1095-1291) Estimated totals
Individual Events Davies Crusaders killed up
to 8,000 Jews in Rhineland Paul Johnson A
History of the Jews (1987) 1,000 Jewish women in
Rhineland comm. suicide to avoid the mob, 1096.
Gibbon, Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire,
v.5, 6 1st Crusade 300,000 Eur. k at Battle of
Nice Nicea. Crusaders vs. Solimon of Roum
4,000 Christians, 3,000 Moslems 1098, Fall of
Antioch 100,000 Moslems massacred. 50,000
Pilgrims died of disease. 1099, Fall of
Jerusalem 70,000 Moslems massacred. Siege of
Tiberias 30,000 Christians k. Siege of Tyre
1,000 Turks Richard the Lionhearted executes
3,000 Moslem POWs. 1291 100,000 Christians k
after fall of Acre. Fall of Christian Antioch
17,000 massacred. TOTAL 677,000 listed in
these episodes here. http//users.erols.com/mwhi
te28/warstat0.htm
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• James Trager, The People's Chronology (1992)
• 1099 Crusaders slaughter 40,000 inhabs of
  Jerusalem. Dis/starv reduced Crusaders from
  300,000 to 60,000.
• 1147 2nd Crusades begins with 500,000. "Most"
  lost to starv./disease/battle.
• 1190 500 Jews massacred in York.
• 1192 3rd Crusade reduced from 100,000 to 5,000
  through famine, plagues and desertions in
  campaign vs Antioch.
• 1212 Children's Crusade loses some 50,000.
• TOTAL Just in these incidents, it appears the
  Europeans lost around 650,000. ABOUT 1.5 mill
  total.

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