Major-Complications-in-Pregnancy

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Major complications in pregnancy
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Miscarriages

• Also known as spontaneus abortions
• Expulsion of fetus before it reaches viabilty
• pregnancy that ends on it's own, within the first
  22 weeks of gestation
• Reasons
• Hormonal problems, infections or maternal health
  problems
• Lifestyle (i.e. smoking, drug use, malnutrition,
  excessive caffeine and exposure to radiation or
  toxic substances)
• Implantation of the egg into the uterine lining
  does not occur properly
• Maternal age
• Maternal trauma

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Types of abortions

• Threatened abortions
• early pregnancy uterine bleeding
• The cervix remains closed
• Inevitable (Incomplete) abortions
• Abdominal or back pain accompanied by bleeding
  with an open cervix
• Leads to complete incomplete abortions

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• Complete abortions
• embryo have emptied out of the uterus. Bleeding
  should subside quickly
• Incomplete abortions
• embryo have not emptied the uterus completely

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• Missed abortions
• experience a miscarriage without knowing it.
• embryonic death has occurred
• there is no expulsion of the embryo.
• Signs would be a loss of pregnancy symptoms and
  the absence of fetal heart sounds found on an
  ultrasound
• Recurrent abortions
• Defined as 3 or more
• consecutive first
• trimester miscarriages

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• Therapeutic Abortion
• Intentional termination of pregnancy before age
  of viability to preserve the health of the mother
• Elective Abortion
• Intentional termination of pregnancy for reasons
  unrelated to mothers health

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• 95 occur in the fallopian tube
• The zygote or embryo may die and be absorbed by
  the body, or the tube could rupture (ruptured
  tubal pregnancy) with bleeding into the abdominal
  cavity.
• This is a surgical emergency

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• Increase of placental blood flow can be done
• Rest
• Maternal diet rich in protein
• Correcting of anemia
• Higher risk pregnancies such as multiple
  gestations should be monitored very carefully

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False labour

• When a mother reaches her due date painless/
  painful infrequent contractures
• Mother feels that she is close to labour
• Cervix dilation does not occur
• Contractions don't grow consistently longer,
  stronger, and closer together.

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Pregnancy induced hypertension

• Also known as pre eclampsia
• After 30th week
• Signs for monitor
• Oedema present in ankle after a night rest / in
  hands ad feet
• Raised diastolic blood pressure (gt90Hgmm)
• proteinuria

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