ADD

1
ADD ADHD

• Jo Beth Heinly
• November 1, 2007

2
Introduction

• The purpose of this Power Point Presentation is
  to educate and increase visibility of ADD and
  ADHD for parents and teachers. Once these
  disorders are found within a child, he/she can be
  treated and make steps towards a more normal
  school and home life. Managing a classroom or
  home the right way can teach the individual how
  to manage his or her own disability from the
  beginning. This will help the individuals reach
  their maximum potential in life.

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Overview

• I will give a clear definition, a brief history,
  and symptoms for all three types of ADHD. I will
  discuss what a parent or teacher can do to
  support a diagnosed child to the best of their
  ability. I will try to clear up common myths
  about ADHD and discuss many helpful websites that
  might be useful to a teacher, parent, or
  psychologist.

4
A Clear Definition

• According to Wikipedia, Attention Deficit
  Hyperactivity Disorder is generally considered to
  be developmental disorder, largely neurological
  in nature, affecting about 5 of the worlds
  population. It typically presents itself during
  childhood and is characterized by a persistent
  pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity.

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The Story of Fidgety Phillip

• Let me see if Phillip can
• Be a little gentleman
• Let me see if he is able
• To sit still for once at the table.
• Thus Papa bade Phil behave
• And Mama looked very grave.
• But Fidgety Phil,
• He wont sit still
• He wriggles,
• And giggles,
• And then I declare,
• Swings backwards and forwards,
• And tilts up his chair(Truit, 26).

• This poem was written in the middle of the
  nineteenth century by a German psychiatrist named
  Dr. Heinrich Hoffman.
• It is one of the first recorded references of
  what we know today as AD/HD.

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History

• One early account in 1902, Dr. George Still
  described a group of boys with a defect in moral
  control (Wicks-Nelson, 241). He described them
  as overactive, inattentive, and impulsive.
• After many name changes and diagnoses, Attention
  Deficit Disorder (ADD) was in the DSM III
  (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
  Disorders) in 1980.

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History Continued

• In 1987, ADD was renamed ADHD. ADD is still used
  today to define a type of ADHD without the
  hyperactivity.
• In 1994, the American Psychiatric Association
  established guidelines for diagnosis.
• The APA also identified three different subtypes
  of ADHD
• Inattentive type
• Hyperactive-Impulsive type (Fidgety Phillip)
• Combined type

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A Disorder Based on Symptoms

• Inattentive
• Fails to give close attention and makes careless
  mistakes
• Has a hard time keeping attention on tasks
• Easily distracted from work by other things
• Does not seem to listen when spoken to
• Does not follow through on instructions or duties
  (fails to finish)
• Has difficulty with organization
• Often loses things like toys, school supplies,
  assignments, etc.
• Is frequently forgetful in daily activities
• Avoids or dislikes tasks that require focused
  attention or sustained mental effort

• Hyperactive-Impulsive
• Often fidgets and squirms in seat
• Frequently gets up when he/she is expected to
  remain seated
• Has difficulty working or playing quietly
• Continually restless climbs or runs
  inappropriately
• Is often on the go as if driven by a motor
• Often talks excessively
• Has difficulty waiting his/her turn
• Often interrupts or intrudes on others
• Frequently blurts out answers before questions
  are repeated
• (Combined type shows six symptoms of each column)

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Effective Treatment

• Doctors use a MULTIMODAL approach to ADHD
  treatment, such as
• Medication
• Family and individual counseling
• Changes at school to address particular learning
  styles
• (Gavin)

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Another Piece of the Puzzle

• More than half of all kids with ADHD have other
  disorders.
• Frequently they are
• Learning disabilities
• ODD (Oppositional Defiant Disorder)
• Conduct Disorder
• Depression

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ParentsThings we can do to help

• There are many things that can help at home.
• This is just one suggestion. (feel free to be
  creative inside your own home)
• Start a Home Rewards Program, where points are
  earned for completing specific problem area
  tasks. The accumulated points can be used for
  basic things, such as computer time, special
  snack, etc. Remember with anything that you try,
  just be CONSISTENT.

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TeachersThings we can do to help

• Sitting them at the front of the classroom can
  help limit some unnecessary distractions
• Post Clear Rules
• Give verbal and written instructions
• Offer frequent feedback
• Keep the noise level in the classroom relatively
  low (at appropriate times)

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Teachers Continued

• Help the child by promoting use of their agenda
  or calendar
• Break down larger assignments into smaller
  sections
• Have a special place in your classroom where they
  can stretch and regroup their minds
• Allow for short breaks throughout the day
• Help the child to be independent and learn to
  function without assisting their every move

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Things to keep in MindMyths vs. Facts

• Myth 1 ADHD is a disorder of childhood.
• ADHD is a lifelong disorder that requires a
  developmental framework for appropriate diagnosis
  and treatment.
• Myth 2 ADHD is Over-Diagnosed.
• Due to the increased school-based services
  available to children, some people have
  inadvertently concluded that ADHD is a new
  disorder that is over-diagnosed.

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Myths vs. Facts Continued

• Myth 3 Poor parenting causes ADHD.
• Although poor parenting can influence how
  symptoms of ADHD are expressed, it cannot cause
  ADHD.
• Myth 4 Girls have lower rates and less severe.
• Gaub and Carlson (1997) found that girls with
  ADHD have greater intellectual impairment, but
  lower rates of hyperactivity than boys. Conduct
  problems are less in girls than in boys,
  explaining less referrals from the school.

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One Step Further

• Furthering our education on disorders will help
  us as teachers, mentors and parents to pinpoint
  ADHD and help our children live to their fullest
  potential. The next set of slides show different
  websites and texts that can help bring us closer
  to our goal.

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The ADHD Information Library

• www.newideas.com
• This website has current information about
  different types of ADHD, medications, ADHD diet,
  important differential diagnosis, ATTEND
  alternative to stimulant medicine, and a section
  for questions and answers.
• For Parents, Teachers, and other Professionals

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Children and Adults with ADHD

• www.chadd.org
• This website has FAQs and terms to know, research
  studies, a parent to parent program, a section on
  ADHD and school, reports, and a section to
  connect to others.
• For Parents, Professionals, adults with ADHD,
  and volunteers

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Teenshealth

• www.kidshealth.org/teen/school_jobs/school/adhd.ht
  ml
• This website has great information geared towards
  teens or young adults for them to really
  understand the disorder, symptoms and signs, ADHD
  and driving, what causes it, and how it is
  treated. It has great tips for young adults who
  have been diagnosed to manage their disability.
• For Parents and teens

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WebMD

• www.webmd.com/add-adhd/
• This website has an ADHD guide with a great
  overview. It also offers videos, current news, a
  place to talk to others, Q A, and a glossary.
  It discusses all ADHD medications and has
  warnings, uses, side effects, precautions,
  interactions, and overdoses for each.
• For Teachers, Parents, Psychologists, and all
  adult professionals

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Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Association

• www.add.org
• This website offers a way to find support. It
  also has several useful articles on ADHD for
  men/women, ADHD and relationships, ADHD and
  careers, and family and school issues.It has a
  place to go to volunteer or start a support
  group.
• For Teachers, Parents, and volunteers

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Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

• By Trudi Strain Trueit
• This short book gives great examples of ADHD
  through brief descriptions of children living
  with it. It offers the history, causes, partner
  disorders, symptoms, methods to manage, a
  glossary, and additional resources.
• For Parents and Teachers

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Behavior Disorders of ChildhoodSixth Edition

• By Rita Wicks-Nelson and Allen C. Israel
• This book has a chapter for all childhood
  disorders including depression, eating
  disorders, anxiety disorders, learning disorders,
  and ADHD.
• For References for Teachers and Psychologists

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Conclusion

• ADHD is a very real disorder that affects 5 of
  the worlds population. If found in a child,
  there should be measures taken to help the child
  manage his/her disorder both at home and at
  school. If treated properly, it can be managed
  very successfully.

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References

• ADD ADHD Health Center. (2005). Retrieved
  October 28, 2007, from WebMD website
  http//www.webmd.com/add-adhd/
• ADD ADHD Information Library. (1996-2007).
  Retrieved October 29, 2007, from website
  http//newideas.net
• Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Association.
  (1996-2006). Retrieved October 29, 2007, from
  website http//www.add.org

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References Continued

• Children and Adults with ADHD. (n. d.), Retrieved
  October 29, 2007, from website www.chadd.org
• Ellison, P. A. T. (Ed). (2003). Myths and
  misconceptions about AD/HD Science over
  cynicism. Retrieved October 28, 2007, from
  website http//www.help4adhd.org/en/about/myths
• Gavin, M. L. (2006). ADHD. Retrieved October 28,
  2007, from website http//www.kidshealth.org/teen
  /school_jobs/school/adhd.html/

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References Continued

• Israel, A. C. Wicks-Nelson, R. (2006).
  Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. In
  Behavior disorders of childhood-Sixth Edition
  (pp. 240-269). Upper Saddle River, NJ Pearson
  Education, Inc.
• Trueit, T. S. (2004). ADHD. Canada US
  Scholastic Inc.
• Wikipedia. (2007). Retrieved October 28, 2007,
  from website http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attenti
  on-deficit_hyperactivity_disorder/