Hazardous Materials Communication Program (Employee Right-to-Know)

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Hazardous Materials Communication
Program(Employee Right-to-Know)
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Background
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History

• Issued by OSHA November 25, 1983.
• First issued for companies in SIC codes 20-39.
• Applies to manufacturers and importers.

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Hazardous Material Defined

• Any material that, because of its quantity,
  concentration, or physical or chemical
  characteristics, may pose a substantial hazard to
  human health or the environment when incorrectly
  used, purposefully released, or accidentally
  spilled.

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What Makes a Substance Hazardous ?

• A material is considered hazardous if it exhibits
  any of the following characteristics beyond
  predefined levels
• Toxicity
• Reactivity
• Ignitability
• Corrosivity
• Bioaccummulative

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Mixture Rule

• If a mixture has not been tested as a whole, the
  mixture is assumed to present the same health
  hazards of hazardous ingredients which compromise
  more than one percent (0.01) of the whole.
• A mixture is considered to be a carcinogen if any
  component in concentrations of 0.10 , or greater
  are carcinogenic.

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Categories

• Acids
• Adhesives
• Alkalies/Bases/Caustics
• Cleaning compounds
• Compressed gases
• Corrosion preventive compounds

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Categories

• Detergents/Soaps
• Greases
• Hydraulic fluids
• Solvents (hydrocarbons)
• Lubricants/oils
• Paints

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Categories

• Water treatment chemicals
• Oxidizers
• Fuels
• Heavy metals
• Batteries
• Pesticides

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Materials NOT Included

• Pharmaceutical supplies
• Medical wastes infectious materials
• Bulk fuels
• Radioactive materials
• Consumer products
• Food and food additives
• Booze

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Employee Rights

• The right to receive information regarding
  hazardous substances.
• Your physician or collective bargaining agent may
  also receive this same information.
• Review new or revised MSDS within 30 days of
  receipt and prior to using those materials.

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Scope

• Manufacturers must properly label hazardous
  materials provide Material Safety Data Sheets
  (MSDS) for each hazardous material produced
• The hazardous materials user--
• Must be familiar with hazards precautions
• Must be familiar with MSDSs
• Must use and understand hazardous materials labels

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Hazardous Materials Labeling
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Original Container Labels

• Manufacturer must provide shipper/handler/user
  with information on hazardous materials
• Every container of hazardous materials must be
  labeled
• Label requirements--
• Identity of material or chemical
• Name address of manufacturer or responsible
  party
• Appropriate hazard warning
• Target organ

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Secondary Containers

• If hazardous material is dispensed into an
  unmarked container, the container must be labeled
  with the following information
• Identity of material or chemical
• Appropriate hazard warning

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Hazardous Material Information Guide (HMIG)

• Acuitys system for labeling?
• Replaces illegible and/or damaged labels
• Labels for secondary containers

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Wallet Card

• Quick reference guide
• Icon depiction of PPE
• Letters refer to groups of needed PPE

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Hazardous Material Information Guide (HMIG)

• Color code identifies the hazard
• Blue Health Hazard
• Red Flammability
• Yellow Reactivity
• White Special Hazard Information
• Numerical rating identifies severity
• 0 - no hazard, 4 - most severe hazard

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HMIG Label
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Other Warning Systems

• National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 704M
  diamond

• Department of Transportation (DOT) Labels

Note NFPA and DOT labels may NOT be used as
stand-alone labeling systems, but may be
used in conjunction with other
labeling systems
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NFPA Label

• Designed for emergency personnel
• Represents the "worst" of what is in the storage
  area
• Does not provide specific chemical names or
  quantities

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DOT Warning System

• DOT uses a system of

• Numbers
• Labels
• Symbols, and
• Classes

to identify the hazardous material and its
hazardous characteristics
System is used for shipping of hazardous materials
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DOT Classes

• 
  

• Class 1 - Explosive

• Class 2 - Gases

• Class 3 - Flammable liquids

• Class 4 - Flammable solids

• Class 5 - Oxidizers

• Class 6 - Poisons

• Class 7 - Radioactive

• Class 8 - Corrosives

• Class 9 - Miscellaneous

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Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)
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MSDS

• Technical bulletins containing information about
  the hazardous material
• Contain at a minimum the following information
• Identity of material
• Hazardous ingredients
• Physical and chemical characteristics

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MSDS Information

• Physical hazards (fire, explosion, reactivity)
• Health hazards (routes of entry, exposure limits,
  and cancer potential)
• Precautions for safe handling use
• Emergency first aid procedures
• MSDS preparation date
• Name, address phone number of chemical
  manufacturer, importer, employer who can provide
  additional information

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MSDS Requirements

• Maintained for every item of hazardous material
  in the work area
• Readily accessible to personnel who use hazardous
  materials
• Supervisors provide instruction in understanding
  and use
• All personnel trained on dangers and precautions
  of hazardous materials prior to use

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Responsibilities
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SuperintendentsSupervisors

• Ensure PPE available for hazardous material
  operations and personnel trained on use
• Make personnel available to receive hazardous
  material training
• Ensure use of approved storage containers

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SuperintendentsSupervisors

• Provide control and management of the hazardous
  materials
• Maintain MSDS
• Ensure personnel are trained
• Ensure hazardous materials are labeled when
  dispensed into other containers

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All Staff

• Properly use and handle hazardous materials
• Report spills to supervisor
• Label hazardous materials when dispensed into
  other containers

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Hazardous Materials Handling
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General Requirements

• Handle incompatible materials in separate
  compartments to prevent mixing
• Never mix incompatible materials in the same
  collection containers
• Avoid breathing vapors or dust from hazardous
  materials
• Avoid contact with eyes and skin

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General Requirements

• Do not smoke, eat, or drink where hazardous
  materials are used
• Use appropriate PPE
• Use appropriately selected fitted respirator

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Hazardous Materials Storage
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Storage
Materials normally thought to be safe may
become hazardous under certain conditions.
When containers leak or are heated, chemical
reactions may result, leading to fire,
explosion, or release of toxic reaction products.
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Determining Storage Requirements

• Is the hazardous material compatible with other
  chemicals?
• What is the hazard classification?
• Oxidizer, acid, flammable, base, etc.
• Any special storage requirements on MSDS?
• What is the flash point of the material?

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Storage Requirements

• Hazardous materials storage locations must be
  posted with caution signs
• Ensure lockers and cabinets used for in-use
  flammable storage labeled

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Storage Requirements

• Storage areas must be properly marked
• Do not transfer material to any container used
  for a different material
• Some materials might be incompatible!
• Store incompatible materials in separate
  compartments to prevent mixing if spilled

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Storage Requirements

• Store hazardous materials in compatible
  containers
• No corrosives in metal drums!
• Stack containers so as to avoid crushing lower
  containers, or access difficulty
• Do not eat, smoke, or drink in storage locations

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Storage Requirements

• No open flames or other ignitions sources in
  storage areas
• Use only explosion-proof devices in potentially
  explosive environments
• Maintain explosion-proof fixtures in proper
  condition
• Seal protect containers against physical damage

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Storage Requirements

• Only store hazardous materials in areas
  designated for hazardous materials storage

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Storage Requirements

• Only store hazardous materials in areas
  designated for hazardous materials storage

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Health Hazards
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Toxicity

• The quality of being poisonous having harmful
  effects.

• "Everything is a poison, nothing is a poison,
  the dose alone makes the poison. -Paracelsus,
  1493-1541

• The toxicity of a substance is due to its ability
  to damage or disrupt the metabolism of living
  tissue.

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Routes of Entry

• Oral Ingestion by mouth
• Dermal Skin exposure
• Inhalation Absorbed by lungs
• Ocular Eye exposure

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Toxic Effects May Occur

• During or soon after exposure (acute), and
• After repeated exposures over a long time
  (chronic).
• In addition, some people may be especially
  sensitive (allergic) to a substance.

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Acute Toxicity

• An acutely toxic substance can cause damage as
  the result of a single or short-duration exposure

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Chronic Toxicity

• A chronically toxic substance causes damage after
  repeated or long-duration exposure
• At times, it becomes evident only after a long
  latency period

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Chronic Toxicity

• (Repeated exposure)

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Routes of Entry

• "Everything is a poison, nothing is a poison,
  the dose alone makes the poison. Paracelsus,
  1493-1541

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GENERAL CONCEPTS OF TOXICOLOGY
EVERYTHING IS TOXIC IT ALL DEPENDS ON THE DOSE

• How Well the Body Accepts a Substance Depends on
  
• The Type of Substance.
• The Amount (Dose) Absorbed.
• The Period of Time Over Which It Is Absorbed.
• The Susceptibility/Sensitivity of the Person
  Exposed.

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GENERAL CONCEPTS OF TOXICOLOGY
EXPOSURE TERMINOLOGY

• Local Effect. Damage to Body Parts That Actually
  Contact The Harmful Substance (Acid on a Hand).
• Systemic Effect. Damage to an Area of the Body
  After The Substance Is Absorbed (Liver Damage).
• Individual Susceptibility. Some People Are
  Naturally Sensitive or Can Develop Sensitivity to
  a Substance.
• Dose. Combination of Concentration and Length of
  Bodily Exposure to a Specific Material.

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GENERAL CONCEPTS OF TOXICOLOGY
EXPOSURE TERMINOLOGY

• Hazardous Material. A Material That Falls Into
  One or More Of the Following Categories.
• Ignitability Is Flammable or Combustible.
• Reactivity Can React With Itself or Other
  Materials.
• Corrosivity Can Deteriorate Another Substance.
• Toxicity In Its Normal State Is Harmful to
  Living Things.

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GENERAL CONCEPTS OF TOXICOLOGY
EXPOSURE LIMITS
SOURCES INCLUDE

• American Conference of Gov. Industrial
  Hygienists (ACGIH)

• Occupational Safety and Health Administration
  (OSHA

• National Institute for Occupational Safety and
  Health (NIOSH

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GENERAL CONCEPTS OF TOXICOLOGY
EXPOSURE LIMITS

• American Conference of Government Industrial
  Hygienists

• Threshold Limit Values (TLV). (Respiratory)
• Biological Exposure Indices (BEI). (Dermal)
• 8 Hour Time Weighted Averages (TWA).
• - How Much a Worker Can Be Exposed to in an
  8 Hr. Shift.
• Published by ACGIH Annually, Provides Exposure
  Levels.
• Legally Enforceable.

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GENERAL CONCEPTS OF TOXICOLOGY
EXPOSURE LIMITS

• Occupational Safety and Health Administration
  (OSHA)

• Permissible Exposure Limits (PELs)
• Found in 29 CFR 1910.1000 (The Z Tables)
• Establishes OSHAs Exposure Levels
• Legally Enforceable

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GENERAL CONCEPTS OF TOXICOLOGY
EXPOSURE LIMITS

• National Institute for Occupational Safety And
  Health (NIOSH)

• Recommended Exposure Limits (RELs)
• Used to Develop New OSHA Standards
• Found in NIOSH Recommendations for
  Occupational Health Standards

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SPECIFIC TYPES OF HAZARDS

• AIR CONTAMINANTS
• Gases. Generally Used in a Compressed Form. Can
  Effect All Routes of Entry.
• Vapors. Formed by Evaporation of Liquids or
  Solids. Amount Usually Depends Upon Exposed
  Surface Area, Temperature, and Vapor Pressure Of
  Substance. Can Be Deadly.

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SPECIFIC TYPES OF HAZARDS

• AIR CONTAMINANTS
• Fumes. Usually Metallic and Formed by Welding,
  Cutting, or Brazing Operations. Extremely
  Hazardous to Inhale.
• Particulates. Composed of Solid or Liquid
  Particles That Are Suspended or Dispersed in Air.
  Such As Dust, Mists, or Smokes. Can Be
  Explosive And Hazardous to Breath.

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SPECIFIC TYPES OF HAZARDS

• ACIDS AND
  BASES
• - Ph. The pH of a Liquid Is the Numerical
  Measure Of Its Relative Acidity or Alkalinity.
  The Range Is From 0 - 14 With a Neutral Level
  Expressed As A pH of 7.0.
• Above 7.0 The Liquid Is More Alkaline or
  Basic.
• Below 7.0 The Liquid Is More Acidic.

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SPECIFIC TYPES OF HAZARDS
ACIDS AND BASES
BASE

• Common Acids (pH 0-6)
• Hydrochloric Acid
• Hydrofluoric Acid
• Nitric Acid
• Phosphoric Acid
• Chromic Acid

• Common Bases (pH 8-14)
• Sodium Hydroxide (Lye)
• Sodium Hypochlorite (Bleach)
• Aqueous Ammonia
• Potassium Hydroxide (Potash)
• Ammonium Hydroxide

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SPECIFIC TYPES OF HAZARDS
CHECK FOR COMPATIBILITY WITH EACH OTHER!
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SPECIFIC TYPES OF HAZARDS
CHECK FOR COMPATIBILITY WITH YOU!
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SPECIFIC TYPES OF HAZARDS
ACIDS and BASES - GENERAL PRECAUTIONS

• If Youre Not Familiar With the Chemical, Find
  Out!
• Read the Material Safety Data Sheet!
• Read the Labels on Containers.
• Observe Written Warnings!
• Dont Eat, Drink, or Smoke Around Chemicals.
• Change Your Cloths! DonT Take It Home!
• Ensure Work Area Is Ventilated.
• Wear Appropriate Protective Equipment.

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SPECIFIC TYPES OF HAZARDS
ACIDS and BASES - GENERAL PRECAUTIONS

• Wear Appropriate Protective Equipment.
• Clean up Small Spills to Prevent Being Mistaken
  For Water.
• For Large Spills, Contact Safety Officer.
• Store Acids From Bases to Prevent Reactions.
• Know the Reactions That Can Occur From Other
  Materials.
• Always Add Acid to Water, Never Water to Acid!

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SPECIFIC TYPES OF HAZARDS
CLASSES OF SOLVENTS

• ORGANIC (CARBON BEARING) SOLVENTS
• Organic Solvents Contain Carbon.
• Organic Solvents Include Acetone, Gasoline,
  Stoddard Solvent, and Trichloroethylene.
• Drastic Effects on the Central Nervous System Can
  Occur If Proper Ventilation Is Not Used.

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SPECIFIC TYPES OF HAZARDS
ROUTES OF ENTRY FOR SOLVENTS

• INHALATION
• Most Common Route of Entry.
• Causes Headache, Dizziness, Confusion, And
  Drowsiness.
• Odor Intensity is Usually Not a Good
  Determination Of Toxicity.
• Odors - More Could Mean Less, Less Could Mean
  More.
• Different Solvents Seek Different Target Organs
  In the Body.

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SPECIFIC TYPES OF HAZARDS
ROUTES OF ENTRY FOR SOLVENTS

• INGESTION
• Eating, Drinking, or Smoking Without Washing
  Hands First.
• Eating, Drinking, or Smoking Contaminated
  Consumables.
• Can Cause Severe Irritation of Gastro-Intestinal
  Tract.
• Easily Penetrates Mucous Membranes to Enter The
  Blood Stream.

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SPECIFIC TYPES OF HAZARDS
ROUTES OF ENTRY FOR SOLVENTS

• ABSORPTION
• Prevent Skin Contact, Wear Gloves, Aprons, Etc.
• Can Occur Through Unbroken Skin or Mucous
  Membranes.
• Any Absorption Generally Will Cause Irritation Of
  Skin.
• Flush Skin for at Least Fifteen Minutes, Seek
  Medical Help.
• Never Wash Exposed Skin With Any Solvent.

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SPECIFIC TYPES OF HAZARDS
ROUTES OF ENTRY FOR SOLVENTS

• INJECTION
• Usually Caused by Puncture Wounds.
• Compressed Air Can Also Cause Injection of
  Solvents.
• Rapid Introduction of Solvents Into Bloodstream.
• May Inject Other Debris in Wound Causing Concern.

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SPECIFIC TYPES OF HAZARDS
SOLVENTS - GENERAL PRECAUTIONS

• IF YOURE NOT FAMILIAR WITH THE SOLVENT, FIND
  OUT!
• READ THE MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET!
• READ THE LABELS ON CONTAINERS.
• OBSERVE WRITTEN WARNINGS!
• DONT EAT, DRINK, OR SMOKE AROUND SOLVENTS.
• CHANGE YOUR CLOTHS! DONT TAKE IT HOME!
• ENSURE WORK AREA IS WELL VENTILATED.

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SPECIFIC TYPES OF HAZARDS
SOLVENTS - GENERAL PRECAUTIONS (CONTINUED)

• WEAR APPROPRIATE PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT.
• USE A BARRIER CREAM, IF YOURE SOLVENT SENSITIVE.
• SPILLS MUST BE CONTAINED, IMMEDIATELY!
• FOR LARGE SPILLS, CONTACT SAFETY OFFICER.
• KNOW THE REACTIONS THAT CAN OCCUR.
• NEVER DISCOUNT ANY ROUTE-OF-ENTRY!

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SPECIFIC TYPES OF HAZARDS
TERATOGEN (Latin - The Study of Monsters)

• The Study of Congenital Malformations
• Relatively New Discipline (1941)
• First Correlated German Measles to Birth
  Defects
• Causes of Congenital Malformations

- Heredity - Maternal Diseases Like German
Measles - Maternal Viral Infections During
Pregnancy - Maternal Malnutrition - Physical
Injury - Ionizing Radiation Exposure - Chemical
Exposure
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SPECIFIC TYPES OF HAZARDS
TERATOGEN AFFECTS IN LAB ANIMALS

• Review the Respective Material Safety Data
  Sheet
• Chemicals Having Potential Teratogenic Effects

- Quinine - Boric Acid - Insecticides -
Pesticides - Chloroform - Carbon Tetrachloride -
Benzene - Xylene - Propylene Glycol
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SPECIFIC TYPES OF HAZARDS
TERATOGEN AFFECTS IN HUMANS

• Review the Respective Material Safety Data
  Sheet
• Agents Having Conclusive Teratogenic Effects

- Anesthetic Gases - Organic Mercury Compounds -
Ionizing Radiation - German Measles - Thalidomide
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SPECIFIC TYPES OF HAZARDS
MUTAGENIC

• Potential to Cause Mutation in the Genetic Code
• Can Cause Changes in Chromosomes
• Review the Respective Material Safety Data
  Sheet
• Agents Shown to Cause Potential Mutagenic
  Effects

- Hydrogen Peroxide (a Bleaching Agent) -
Ethyleneimine (an Alkylating Agent) - Ethylene
Oxide (Hospital Sterilant) - Hydrazine (Used in
Rocket Fuel) - Ionizing Radiation Exposure -
Benzene
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SPECIFIC TYPES OF HAZARDS
CARCINOGENIC

• Can Induce a Malignant Tumor in Humans
• Has a Potential to Cause Cancer
• Can Cause or Accelerate Tumors
• Some Confirmed or Suspected Human Carcinogens

- Acrylimide - Beryllium - Nickel Sulfide -
Acrylonitrile - Calcium Chromate -
Tetranitromethane - 4-Aminodiphenyl - Chromium
(Vi) - O-Tolidine - Arsenic - Ethylene
Dichloride - Vinyl Bromide - Benzine - Ethylene
Oxide - Xylidine - Benzidine - Lead Chromate -
Zinc Chromates
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CHEMICAL HAZARDS

• Fire Hazards
• Explosive Hazards
• Toxic Hazards
• Corrosive Hazards
• Chemical Reactivity
• Physical Properties

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Fire Hazards

• Combustibility
• Flammability
• Pyrophorics
• Gas or Vapor Explosions

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Combustibility

• The ability of a material to act as a fuel
• OSHA says combustibles have flash point between
  100 F and 200 F
• Anything that can be readily ignited and sustain
  a fire
• Anything that cant is considered non-combustible

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The Fire Triangle

FUEL
OXYGEN
HEAT
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Flammability

• The ability of a material (gas or liquid) to
  produce sufficient vapors to be ignited and
  produce a flame under normal conditions.
• There must be a proper fuel to air mixture to
  sustain combustion. Each material has its own
  mixture range called Flammable Range.

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UFL and LFL

• Concentrations lt the LFL will not burn because
  they are too lean.
• Concentrations gt the UFL will not burn because
  they are too rich.

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OSHA FLAMMABLE

• OSHA considers anything flammable if it has a
  flash point below 100F.
• Flashpoint - See Section 2, page 14.

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REGULATORY CONFUSION

• OSHA-Flammable lt 100F
• Combustible 100F-200F
• Will Not Burn gt 200F
• DOT- Flammable lt 141F
• Combustible gt 141F but lt 200F
• Non-Hazardous Anything gt 200F
• EPA- Anything lt 140F is Ignitable

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GAS OR VAPOR EXPLOSIONS

• A Rapid, Violent Release of Energy
• Large amounts of kinetic energy, heat and gaseous
  products are released.
• The KEY is confinement of a Flammable Material.
  The combustion reaction is more rapid and
  confinement increases energy which enhances the
  explosive process.

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UEL and LEL

• Explosive gases and vapors exhibit an explosive
  range which is the same as the flammable range.
• The UEL (Upper Explosive Limit) and the LEL
  (Lower Explosive Limit) are the same as UFL and
  LFL, but in confined areas.
• Again, CONFINEMENT is the Key!

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Dose - Response

• Toxic effects on human beings depends on the
  length and amount of exposure and the level of
  toxicity (its lethal dose) of the material.
• HAZARD EXPOSURE TOXICITY
• Therefore, as the dose (length of exposure and
  amount of exposure) increases the human response
  increases also.

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ITS MOVIE TIME!

• Introduction to Hazardous Chemicals
• The Emergency Film Group, Plymouth, MA
• 508-746-0466

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PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF CHEMICALS

• One of the most ignored parts of an MSDS is the
  part where Physical Properties of Chemicals are
  listed.
• Most people do not understand Physical
  Properties.
• Evaluating risk on an incident depends on
  understanding these properties.

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Solubility/Miscibility

• The amount of chemical (solid, liquid, gas or
  vapor) which can be dissolved in water at 68F.
  Measured in percent, the higher the percentage,
  the more chemical that will dissolve in water.
• Example Sugar is 100 soluable.
• Miscibility refers, specifically, to the
  solubility of a liquid.

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Density and Specific Gravity

• The Density of a substance is its mass per unit
  volume, commonly expressed in grams per cubic
  centimeter (g/cc).
• The density of water is 1 g/cc.
• Specific Gravity is the density of a chemical
  compared to that of water. If the SpG is less
  than 1g/cc the chemical will float. If SpG is
  more than 1 g/cc it will sink.

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Vapor Density

• The Density of a gas or vapor can be compared to
  the ambient atmosphere. If the density of a
  vapor or gas is greater than ambient air, it will
  tend to settle.
• If Vapor Density is close to, or less than,
  ambient air it will rise or disperse in the
  atmosphere.
• Discuss hazards page 2-13.

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Vapor Density, continued

• What are the hazards of a gas or vapor which will
  settle? Use Carbon Monoxide as an example.
• How about Gasoline vapors?

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Vapor Pressure

• Pressure exerted, by a vapor, on the sides of a
  closed container.
• It is Temperature Dependent. As temperature
  increases, so does Vapor Pressure.
• The lower the boiling point of a liquid, the
  greater vapor pressure it will exert at a given
  temperature.

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Vapor Pressure, continued

• Values for Vapor Pressure are most often given as
  millimeters of mercury (mm Hg).
• NIOSH Handbook
• Examples Ammonia- VP 8.5 atm (p. 262)
  Carbon Monoxide (p. 54)
• Methyl hydrazine (p. 210)
• Atmospheric Pressure - 760 mm Hg.

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Boiling Point

• Temperature at which liquid changes to vapor.
  The temperature where the pressure of the liquid
  equals atmospheric pressure (760 mm Hg).
• What it the boiling point of Ammonia?
• What is the boiling point of Sulfuric Acid?
• What is the route of entry for each of these?

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Melting Point

• Temperature at which a solid changes to a liquid.
  It is also the freezing point-depends on the
  direction of the change.
• Example Water (ice) 32F

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Flash Point

• The minimum temperature at which a substance
  produces sufficient flammable vapors to ignite
• Highly Flammable
• Moderately Flammable
• Relatively Inflammable

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Odor Threshold

• The minimum concentration of a substance in air
  that can be detected by the human sense of smell.
  
• It is different for each person.
  Ammonia 5 ppm Ethyl
  alcohol 10 ppm
• The ACGIH STEL for Ammonia 25 ppm. What does
  this mean?

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IDENTIFYING HAZARDS

• Knowledge of the Hazards of various substance
  and an understanding of Physical Properties can
  be the difference between life and death.

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HAZARD COMMUNICATION

• This standard was created for you, because you
  have a Right to Know about hazardous materials
  you work with.
• Do your part and learn all you can about
  hazardous materials in your work areas.
• You know the sources of information- NOW USE THEM!