Employee Motivation

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Employee Motivation

• By Kristen Dickey

Visit my website at http//students.nebrwesleyan.e
du/
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What is Motivation?

• The forces either within or external to a person
  that arouses enthusiasm and persistence to pursue
  a certain course of action (Draft 534).

These employees do not appear to be too motivated
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Why Study Motivation?

• Employee performance is influenced by motivation
• Employee productivity is influenced by motivation
• Organizational profits/losses are affected by
  employee motivation
• Hint This information can all be found in your
  book!

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Model of Human Motivation

• Needs - desire to meet needs
• Behavior - actions to meet needs
• Rewards - satisfying of needs
• Feedback - info about whether or not the behavior
  should be repeated

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Approaches to Understanding Motivation

• Maslows Hierarchy of Needs
• ERG Theory
• Equity Theory
• Expectancy Theory

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Maslows Hierarchy of Needs

• Lowest need level Physiological
• Highest need level Self-Actualization
• Lower level needs must be met in order to proceed
  to higher levels

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ERG Theory

• Theory is an extension of Maslows Hierarchy of
  needs
• Three levels
• Existence (physiological and safety needs)
• Relatedness (social and esteem needs)
• Growth (self-actualization and internal needs)
• Different levels can be achieved simultaneously
• Order of needs different depending on the person

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Equity Theory

• Suggests people are motivated by inequity
• People compare their inputs(experience,
  qualifications) and outcomes(raises, perks) to
  the inputs and outcomes of others
• Example
• You Co-worker
• Outcome 1 lt Outcome 2 Inequality
• Input 1 Input 2
• A perceived inequality draws people to act

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Expectancy Theory

• Motivational Force - force that drives behavior
• Expectancy - effort will result in desired
  performance
• Instrumentally - meeting performance expectations
  leads to rewards
• Valance - the value a person puts on reward

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How does one put these theories into practice?

• Job Design
• Application of motivational theories to the
  structure of work for improving productivity and
  satisfaction
• (Draft 551).

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Four Approaches to Job Design

• Job Simplification
• Job Rotation
• Job Enlargement
• Job Enrichment

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Job Simplification

• Definition decrease number of tasks an employee
  performs
• Advantage increased Efficiency in workplace
• Example worker A performs only task 1, instead
  of tasks 1,2 3

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Job Rotation

• Definition movement of employees from one job to
  another within a company
• Advantage provides variety and stimulation
• Example a nurse may rotate from working in
  pediatrics to geriatrics to maternity

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Job Enlargement

• Definition combining several jobs into one job
• Advantage provides variety and challenges
• Example Worker A performs tasks 1, 2 3,
  instead of just task 1

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Job Enrichment

• Definitionincreases the depth of a job by
  incorporating achievement and recognition into
  work
• Advantage provides employees with rewards
  growth opportunities
• Goal Increase motivation and job satisfaction

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Review
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Review
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Bibliography

• Text
• Draft, R.L. (2000). Management. Orlando Dryden
  Press.
• http//web.utk.edu/gwynne/maslow.HTM
• http//www.cba.uri.edu/Scholl/Notes/Motivation_Exp
  ectancy.html
• http//www.netmba.com/mgmt/ob/motivation/erg/
• Graphics
• Draft, R.L. (2000). Management. Orlando Dryden
  Press.
• http//www.images.google.com
• Microsoft Clipart