Introduction to molecular biology of the cell

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Introduction to molecular biology of the
cell Haixu Tang School of Informatics
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All living things are made of cells
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The Universal Features of Cells on Earth

• Store Their Hereditary Information in the Same
  Linear Chemical Code (DNA)
• Replicate Their Hereditary Information by
  Templated Polymerization
• Transcribe Portions of Their Hereditary
  Information into the Same Intermediary Form (RNA)
• Use Proteins as Catalysts
• Translate RNA into Protein in the Same Way
• One Protein Is One Gene
• A Living Cell Can Exist with Fewer Than 500 Genes
• Life Requires Free Energy
• All Cells Function as Biochemical Factories
  Dealing with the Same Basic Molecular Building
  Blocks
• All Cells Are Enclosed in a Plasma Membrane
  Across Which Nutrients and Waste Materials Must
  Pass

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Hereditary Information is stored in the Same
Linear Chemical Code (DNA)
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Templated Polymerization
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Proteins as Catalysts
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One gene, one protein
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Mycoplasma genitalium 477 genes
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Hereditary Information into the Same Intermediary
Form (RNA)
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Translate RNA into Protein
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Cells Can Be Powered by a Variety of Free Energy
Sources

• Organotrophic feeding on other living things or
  the organic chemicals they produce
• Phototrophic harvest the energy of sunlight
• lithotrophic capture their energy from
  energy-rich systems of inorganic chemicals in the
  environment

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Formation of a membrane by amphipathic
phospholipid molecules
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Diversity of living cells
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