CDMA2000 TM TECHNOLOGY by Uke Kurniawan Usman

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CDMA2000 TM TECHNOLOGY byUke Kurniawan Usman
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cdmaOne

• Newest cellular phone standard
• Developed by Qualcomm
• Supported mainly in the Americas and East Asia
• CDMA-based digital system
• Up to 18 times capacity of AMPS per frequency
  band
• Very Secure
• Listeners need the right descrambler key
• Optional encryption is also available

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CDMA2000

• Radio transmission technology for the evolution
  of narrowband cdmaOne/ IS-95 to 3G by adding up
  multiple carriers
• Also known as IMT-CDMA Multi-Carrier (1X/3X).
• Backwards compatible with IS-95 (cdmaOne), a
  principle reason for its likely adoption in
  existing IS-95 networks.

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CDMA2000-1X

• CDMA 2000-1x is the first commercial available 3G
  IMT- 2000 standard - supports medium data rate
  wireless data.
• Capable of up to 153.6 kbps toward 307 kbps peak
  data rate on a 1x (1.25 MHz bandwidth) carrier
• Doubles capacity for voice communications
• Offers 50 longer stand-by times
• Backwards compatible with cdmaOne (IS-95)
• Compatible with GSM-MAP and IS-41
• Also known as IMT-CDMA Multi-Carrier (1X/3X).

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CDMA Air Interface Standard
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Standard Evolution

2004
2003
2002
2001
YEAR
Standard

• CDMA2000 1X
• Rel. 0 Nov. 1999
• Rel. A June, 2000
• Rel. B April, 2002
• Increased voice capacity (x2)
• Up to 307.2 Kbps packet data

1X

• 1x EV-DO. Rel.0
• Oct.2000
• FL Up to 2.4 Mbps packet data on a
  single(1.25MHz) carrier
• BCMCS
• VT

EV-DO
Red circle Commercial Launched
EV-DV
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CDMA Air Interface Evolution
2001 2002 2003
2004 2005 2006
R16.4
R16.5
R17
R18
R19
R16.1/16.3
1xEV-DV FL RL
1X
IS-95A/B
CDMA2000 1X
CDMA2000 Rel A/B
Rel C/D
14.4kbps 153kbps 3.1 /
1.8Mbps Backward Compatible Technology Evolution
for Data and Voice Services
1xEV-DO
1xEV-DO A
HRPD

2.4Mbps / 153Kbps
3.1 / 1.8 Mbps
Dedicated Carrier for Data Only Services, Not
Backward Compatible With 1X Voice
Consider EV-DO A as a disruptive force on 1X !
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CDMA Industry Chipset Evolution
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(No Transcript)
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2G cdmaOne (IS-95 IS-41)
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CDMA2000 1x Network
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CDMA2000 Network Evolution-current
SS7 network (HLR, SCP,SMS, VMS..)
BTS
BSC
MSC
GMSC
IS-2000
TDM
Circuit Network
PSTN/PLMN
Legacy MS
BTS
PDSN
BR
TDM
BTS
PCF
Internet
Packet Network
IS-2000
IS-856
PDSN
BSC
PCF
HA
OM Server
AAA Server
HAT
Voice Path
BTS
Packet Data Path
Signaling
Signaling and Bearer
Bearer
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CDMA2000 Network Evolution- Phase 1

• Phase 1 LMSD (w/ TDM) Deployment

SS7 network (HLR, SCP,SMS, VMS..)
MSC
GMSC
BSC
Circuit Network
G-WSS
WSS
IOS4.3 (A1)
IS-2000
SIP-T
PSTN/PLMN
Legacy MS
Megaco
IP QoS Network
IOS4.3 (A2)
TDM
WGW
IP
WGW
IS-2000
IS-856
IP Network
PDSN
BSC
PCF
Internet
HAT
BR
AAA Server

• Advantage New Business Model
• IOS4.3, SIP-T supporting. (LMSD step 1)
• LMSD Legacy Mobile Subscriber Domain

HA
Signaling over IP
Signaling over TDM
Voice Path over TDM
Packet Data Path
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CDMA2000 Network Evolution- Phase 2

• Phase 2 IP based RAN, Initial IMS Deployment

SS7 network (HLR, SCP,SMS, VMS..)
G-MSC
MSC
Circuit Network
IP-BSC
IS-2000
G-WSS
WSS
SIP-T
IOS5.0 (A1p)
Legacy MS
IOS5.0 (A2p)
Megaco
IP Qos Network
PSTN/PLMN
IP
HSS
WGW
IS-2000
IS-856
WGW
IMS-MGW
IMS
HAT
IMS-Server
IMS-MRF
IP-BSC
Internet
BR
IMS-MGC
PCF

• Advantage IMS deployment, LMSD step 2
• IOS5.0, SIP-T supporting.
• LMSD Legacy Mobile Subscriber Domain
• IMS IP Multimedia Subsystem
• IMS brings
• Person-to-person real-time IP-based multimedia
  communications
• Different services and applications to interact

PDSN
AAA Server
HA
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CDMA 2000-1X and EV-DO Overlay
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CDMA2000-1X EV-DO

• Migration of cdma2000 that provides a wireless
  technology that enables a wire-line equivalent
  user experience (high data rates) and economics
  (low cost per Megabyte) ? Data Only

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Background

• Internet-like (i.e., tolerant of delays and
  asymmetric) data service stimulates the existing
  of EV-DO which has
• a. directly connection to Packet Data Network,
• b. new forward link structure designed to
  increase throughput.
• The physical layer interface is incompatible with
  RTT.
• Requires its own 1.25MHz carrier.
• Time multiplexing rather than code multiplexing.

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1xEVDO -- IP Data Only
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EV-DO Architecture

• EV-DO implementation is the same as 1X
  architecture system but without using Mobile
  Switching Center (MSC).
• EV-DO uses 1.25 MHZ carrier frequency (MC-1X)
• When users transmit data, data packets will be
  sent from wireless device through air interface
  towards BTS. Data packets then forwarded to BSC.
  BSC will forward data to PCF, who will forward it
  to PSDN.
• For receiving data, data packets for users will
  be prepared in the providers IP network then
  forwarded by PDSN to PCF/BSC
• Cell site, towers, antenna share carrier
  frequency between 1x and 1xEV-DO.
• 1xEV-DO can reach peak rate 2.4Mbps on forward
  link (from BS to device), and 153.6 Kbps on
  reverse link (from device to BS)
• 1x and 1xEV-DO uses the same PDSN in the network.

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EV-DO System Components

• Wireless Device
• PC Card or fixed external device
• Public switched telephones, PDA or computers.
• Access Network
• BTS, PCF Packet Control Function and BSC
• Service Network
• MSC, PDSN

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EV-DO The Wireless Internet

• Optimized for high speed data (peak data rate of
  2.4 Mbps)
• Uses one 1.25 MHz channel
• System provides packet data access service by
  routing IP data to from the internet

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EV-DO Platform Considerations

• Connectivity devices
• Provides a link to wireless data network
• Enable modems with standard interfaces to other
  devices
• Platform devices
• Wirelessly enabled by
• integrating wireless capability into the device
  hardware
• using connectivity devices
• Support a variety of data applications
• Provide developers with an environment to build
  software and services for the platform

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EV-DO Content Applications

• Ensuring appeal good performance of the
  applications multimedia services
• Interoperability considerations

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EV-DO Content Applications
Cost per Mbyte for different wireless network
Download Time of 3 minutes MP3 file
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EV-DO Instant Multi Media (IMM)
Users can perform conference call with other
users, share audio, video and other media like
instant messaging. Audio video can run from one
users, or video can run from one users, while
audio is running from other users.
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EV-DO Session Protocol Stack
EV-DO leverages upon existing internet protocols
and hence support all popular operating Systems
and software applications.
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Forward Link Scheduling

• Base station time multiplexes users along with
  pilot bursts at full transmit power using rate
  control.
• Rate control based on Ec/Io at the mobile.
• Mobile estimate Ec/Io and map a data rate
  request.
• BTS schedule packets to maximize throughput using
  a proportionally fair scheduling algorithm.
• Scheduler sends to mobile that has the highest
  DRC/R where DRC is data rate request and R is
  average rate.

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Data Rates
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Quality of Service

• QoS Challenge esp. for WWAN
• To deal with fluctuated wireless condition
  for achieving desired Throughput and Delay
• QoS Scheduler Algorithm needed
• Standard Scheduler
• Proportionally fair (PF) Scheduler
• All users get the resource fairly

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CDMA2000-1X EV-DV

• Supports both voice and data services over a
  standard (1X) CDMA channel
• Provides up to twice the capacity of earlier
  CDMA2000 systems
• Accommodate the continuing growth of voice
  services as well as new wireless Internet
  services
• Provides peak data rates of up to 153 kbps (and
  up to 307 kbps in the future), without
  sacrificing voice capacity for data capabilities.

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1XEVDV -- IP Data and Voice
Packet switched voice
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EV-DV Key Technology Benefits

• Support 3.1 Mbps peak data rate per sector
• Support real-time non real-time data services
• Backward compatible to IS-95A/B CDMA2000 1X
• Support of voice data in the same carrier
• Natural, standardized evolution of CDMA
  technology
• Enable unique features for CDMA operators

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EV-DV Backward Compatibility
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Backward Compatibility with CDMA2000
Operator has the option of overlaying 1xEV-DV on
the same carrier as supports IS-95A/B or 1X. This
allows the operator to control the migration and
customize spectrum usage.
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EV-DV Requirements Architecture

• Higher Forward Link Capacity
• Voice Service and Concurrent Voice/Data Support
• Multiple Concurrent Traffic Types
• Backward Compatibility with CDMA2000
• Efficient support of all data services (e.g.
  VoIP)

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EV-DV Requirements Architecture (cont.)

• Multiple Concurrent Traffic Types
• Subscriber can operator multiple PC applications
  simultaneously
• Efficient support of all data services (e.g.
  VoIP)
• Flexible TDM/CDM scheduling (TDM for ftp, etc.
  and CDM for WAP, VoIP, streaming video, etc.)

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1xEV Evolution - Comparison
Analytical predictions only, not to be construed
as product specifications. Data Capacity is
scheduler dependent All values shown are per
Sector Web Browsing Traffic Model.
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The Future of CDMA Services
The CDMA2000 family meets the marketplaces
demand for voice and data services.
HIGH DATA RATE CAPACITY
E-MAIL w/ Attachment
Live Video Broadcast
S/W Download
Video Conference
Music Download
Full Web Browsing
NON-REAL TIME
Interactive Gaming
REAL TIME
E-MAIL
Multi-Media Messaging
Location Based Services
IS-95
Transaction Based Apps
Download Ringers
Voice
SMS
LOW-MED DATA CAPACITY
Adopting technology somewhat like waiting for
computer prices to come down??
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Optimization

• Aims
• Provide the best service and performance
• Parameters
• Coverage Ec/Io gt -8dB
• Blocked Calls lt 2
• Dropped Calls lt 2
• FER lt 2
• Access Failure lt 3
• Data Rate

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Optimization Process
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Optimization

• Tools
• System drive test
• CDMA hand set
• Drive test software
• GPS
• PN Scanner

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An Example of Measurements Data
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An example of Data Analysis
In coverage high Dropped Calls possibly Pilot
Pollution
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CDMA Indoor Coverage

• Pre Site Acquisition
• Technical Survey
• RF and CME Design
• Site Acquisition
• Installation
• Acceptance Test

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Indoor CoveragePre Site Acquisition

• a. Building Description
• - Site Coordinate
• - Site Information and Building Fotos
• 1. Type of CDMA antenna required.
• 2. Location of shaft cable building.
• 3. Technical room position.
• - Building Layout on each floor
• b. Tenant Description
• -   Number of tenants on each floor.
• -   Kind of tenants on each floor.
• c. Confirmation letter from the owner or building
  manager that the site can be used as operators
  CDMA indoors coverage.

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Indoor CoverageTechnical Survey

• RF Engineering Survey
• - coordinate of the site
• - existing RxLev and Ec/Io level
• - possibility for Technical room location
• - building shaft cable Location
• - cable way from antenna to Technical Room
• CME Survey
• - possibility a new Technical room
• - capacity of the existing power electricity
• - connection of power electricity
• - grounding

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Indoor CoverageRF Design simplified

• Initial indoor antenna distribution based on
  Requirements and Building information.
• Analytical coverage prediction
• Material Loss Calculation
• Pilot Power Loss Calculation related to desired
  Ec/Io
• Keenan-Motley Indoor Propagation Model

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Indoor Coverage

• Installation
• Feeder Installation,
• Antenna Installation,
• Splitter Installation, etc.
• Acceptance
• Material Test VSWR, Distance to Loss, Return
  Loss
• RF Test Coverage, Spillage