Enforcing plant quarantines on retail nursery stock

1
WSDA Spring Quarantine Review

• Enforcing plant quarantines on retail nursery
  stock

2
Its Spring! Focus on-

• Box Stores and retail nurseries bringing in stock
  from other states
• Did they send notification of incoming stock?
• Are required inspection certificates available?
• Do regulated plants meet WSDA Quarantines?

3
Retail Nursery Checklist

1. Check Master License for Nursery
   endorsement/expiration date.
2. Deliver fist-full of pamphlets
3. Confirm not shipping plants out of state.
4. Identify stock from out of state sources.
5. Issue FIR.

4
FREEDOM FROM INFESTATION-RCW 17.24

• ALL Plants for sale must be-
• Free of quarantine pests
• Free of pests that would be harmful if allowed to
  become established
• Practically free of plant pests- 2 infestation
  level or in an amount expected to result from
  good cultural practices

5
What plants are subject to our Notification Rule?
6
What plants are subject to our Notification Rule?

• All woody nursery stock from out-of-state
  sources
• Trees, shrubs and vines (not bedding plants,
  herbaceous perennials)
• Seeds and tissue culture plantlets exempt
• Did the inspector receive notification?
• If not, give them brochure, write FIR violation
  for WAC 16-402.

7
Are Required Inspection Certificates Available?

• Every plant shipment must be accompanied by a
  certificate of inspection from origin stating it
  meets our quarantines (RCW 15.13.400)
• If no certificate is available, issue FIR
  violation and place plants on hold until
  paperwork is obtained. Then determine compliance
  with quarantines.

8
Do regulated Plants Meet WSDA Quarantines?

• SPRING FOCUS IS ON
• Blueberry Scorch Virus, WAC 16-489
• Grape Virus Insects, WAC 16-481483
• Hop Diseases, WAC 16-497
• Purple Nutsedge, WAC 16-752
• Japanese Beetle, WAC 16-470
• Barberry/Black Stem Rust, WAC 16-472
• Federal P. ramorum Certification

9
WSDA Quarantine WAC 16-489 Blueberry Scorch Virus

• All Vaccinium corymbosum V. macrocarpon
• planted, sold, offered for sale or transported
  within the state must be demonstrated free of
  blueberry scorch virus by meeting at least one of
  the following conditions (a) They must
  originate from a pest free area -stated on
  phyto from origin
•      (b) They are certified in accordance with
  the regulations of an official certification
  program in the state of origin that includes
  testing and inspection for blueberry viruses and
  is approved by the director   

10
WSDA Quarantine WAC 16-489 Blueberry Scorch Virus

• OR,
• (c) They are shown to be free of blueberry scorch
  virus, based on an official laboratory test using
  a protocol approved by the director OR
• (d) They are micropropagated and/or grown in an
  insect-proof greenhouse or screenhouse and
  originate from mother plants that have been
  tested and found free of blueberry scorch virus.

11
WSDA Quarantine WAC 16-489 Blueberry Scorch Virus

• Persons importing regulated articles into the
  state must obtain a phytosanitary certificate
  from the place of origin verifying that one of
  these conditions has been met. A copy of the
  phytosanitary certificate must accompany the
  shipment.
•  Uncertified Plants are ordered destroyed or
  returned out-of-state.
• What if blueberry plants are not certified?

12
2011-12 WA Nurseries Tested Blueberry Scorch
Virus Free

• Aldrich Berry Farm, Mossyrock
• Briggs Nursery, Elma
• J.R.T. Nurseries, Inc, Lynden
• M G Farms, Inc, Sumas
• Mountain Shadow Nursery, Olympia
• Van Klaverens Nursery, Lake Stevens
• Bryant Blueberry Farm, Arlington
• Vibrant Plants, Woodinville
• DeWildes Wholesale, Lynden
• Plants of the Wild, Tekoa

13
2011-12 OREGON Nurseries Tested BlSV Free

• AR Spada, St. Paul OR
• BFN Operations LLC, Cornelius OR
• Chick-A-Dee Gardens Nursery, Sherwood OR
• Corneliussens Nursery, Gervais OR
• Eshraghi Nursery, Hillsboro OR
• Fall Creek Farm Nursery, Lowell OR
• Leo Gentry Wholesale, Gresham OR
• Kraemers Nursery, Mt. Angel OR
• Loen Nursery, Woodburn OR
• Monrovia Nursery, Dayton OR

14
2011-12 OREGON Nurseries Tested BlSV Free
(continued)

• Norris Farm, Roseburg OR
• North American Plants, McMinnville OR
• Oregon Blueberry Farms, Silverton OR
• Pleasant Hill Nursery, Pleasant Hill OR
• St. Christopher Nursery, Gervais OR
• Schielder Family Nursery, Gervais OR
• Territorial Seed Company, Cottage Grove OR
• Weeks Berry Farm, Keizer OR
• Woodburn Nursery Azalea, Woodburn OR
• Youngblood Nursery, Keizer OR

15
WSDA Quarantine WAC 16-483 Grape Viruses

• Grape planting stock (Vitis spp.) will be
  admitted into the state of Washington provided
  that
• Virus Certified The stock has been certified
  under an official grapevine certification program
  that includes inspection and testing for fanleaf,
  leafroll and corky bark virus diseases.
• An official certificate or tag issued by the
  state of origin certifying that the grapevines
  meet the requirements of this chapter must
  accompany the grape planting stock into the
  state.

16
WSDA Quarantine WAC 16-483 Grape Viruses

• Prior Notification Persons shipping grape
  planting stock into this state shall notify the
  department by mail or fax prior to shipment.
• Hold Requirement The person to whom the articles
  are shipped shall hold the articles until the
  grape planting stock is inspected and/or released
  by the department.
• Uncertified Plants are ordered destroyed or
  returned out-of-state

17
What states Can meet our Grape Virus quarantine?

• Currently, only Washington, Oregon and California
  have grapevine certification programs that meet
  the WSDA virus quarantine.
• A list of all virus certification participants in
  OR, WA California is maintained by the NW Grape
  Foundation Service at
• http//nwgfs.wsu.edu/certified.html

18
This is really important!

• 2009 shipments from New York and Arkansas were
  found infected with Grapevine Leafroll Virus 3
• Ornamental purple leaf grape also carries these
  viruses-
• Look for Vitis vinifera purpurea
• In retail nurseries

19
WSDA Quarantine WAC 16-481 Grape Insect pests

• This phylloxera/grape mealybug Q does apply to WA
  grown grapevines too, so all plants you find for
  sale should be inspected for mealy bug and
  phylloxera.
• Plants from out-of-state must be certified free
  of phylloxera/mealybug with a phyto.
• Hardwood cuttings dried decorative vines are
  exempt.
• Uncertified Plants are ordered destroyed or
  returned out-of-state

20
WSDA Quarantine WAC 16-497 Hop Diseases

• Plants and all parts (except the kiln dried
  cones) of hops (Humulus Lupulus L.) from outside
  WA State are regulated for diseases
• Imports for experimental use by USDA/WSU are
  exempt
• Must be from a certification program with a phyto
  stating they are free of Verticillium Wilt,
  Powdery Mildew, Hop Stunt Viroid, Ilar viruses
  and arabis mosaic viruses.

21
WSDA Quarantine WAC 16-497 Hop Diseases

• Prior Notification Hold Requirements apply
• Uncertified Plants are ordered destroyed or
  returned out-of-state
• Look for ornamental golden hops in nurseries
• (Humulus lupulus Aureus)

22
WSDA Quarantine WAC 16-752-700 Purple Nutsedge

• Purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) is a highly
  invasive perennial weed, considered very serious
  in agronomic crops. It propagates by seed,
  rhizomes, bulbs and nutlets.

23
WSDA Quarantine WAC 16-752-700 Purple Nutsedge

• Nursery stock, turf, and soil with plants is
  regulated from states of
• Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Florida,
  Georgia, Hawaii, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland,
  Mississippi, New Jersey, New York, North
  Carolina, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Carolina,
  Tennessee, Texas and Virginia

24
WSDA Quarantine WAC 16-752-700 Purple Nutsedge

• Requires certificate of inspection stating that
  the regulated articles have been inspected and
  found free of purple nutsedge and its plant
  parts, seeds, rhizomes, bulbs and nutlets.
• The California shipping inspection sticker/permit
  covers purple nutsedge requirements.

25
Other major QuarantinesJapanese BeetleBlack
Stem Rust/BarberryFederal SOD RuleKeep Updated
Lists in Your Nursery Inspection Manual
26
Japanese Beetle WAC 16-470Regulated Articles

• Soil, compost, and manure (except when
  commercially packaged) Grass Sod
• All plants bulbs with roots
• (except bare root plants free from all
  soil)      

27
JB WAC 16-470 Conditions of Movement

• Regulated area most states E. of The Rockies
  (including CO) DC.
• Shipping Requirements
• -Phyto with accepted AD, Prior notification, or
• -Ship under WSDA issued state permit

28
JB WAC 16-470 Conditions of Movement

• Unless shipped under a state permit, Receiver
  must hold the shipment until inspected and
  released by WSDA!
• Privately Owned Houseplants are OK if grown
  indoors and inspected by WSDA

29
JB Shipping PermitsWSDA has current shipping
permits with fifteen regulated states

• PERMIT FOR SHIPMENT OF
• NURSERY STOCK
• NEW YORK TO WASHINGTON
• PERMIT NO. JB 09-03

30
States with JB Shipping Permits

• Connecticut JB-09-09
• Delaware JB-09-08
• Indiana JB-09-17
• Maine JB-09-14
• Maryland JB-09-16
• Michigan JB-09-04
• Missouri JB-09-20
• Georgia JB-10-15

• Nebraska JB-09-11
• New York JB-09-03
• Ohio JB-09-06
• Pensylvania JB-09-02
• Tennessee JB-09-01
• Virginia JB-09-19
• Wisconsin JB-09-18

31
Provisions of Permit Agreement

• -Meets JB Harm. Plan or is bare root
• -Commercial nursery stock still requires
  pre-notification to WSDA, but dont need to hold
  upon arrival.
• -Mail Order (retail) shippers report all
  shipments made, quarterly
• -Shipped with permit stamp or phyto-

32
Black Stem Rust Q WAC 16-472

• No person who is or should be licensed as a
  nursery dealer may sell, offer for sale, ship or
  grow any rust susceptible variety of barberry or
  related Berberis, Mahonia, and Mahoberberis
  species, as defined in USDA 7 C.F.R. 301.38-2.

33
USDA Rust Resistant List

• Our quarantine uses the same list of resistant
  varieties as USDA.
• all others prohibited in entire state
• Updated List at-
• http//www.aphis.usda.gov/plant_health/plant_pest_
  info/barberry/downloads/7cfr301-38-11.pdf

34
Black Stem Rust Q WAC 16-472

• All intrastate and interstate shipments of
  Berberis, Mahonia or Mahoberberis plants, seeds,
  or parts capable of propagation must be plainly
  labeled with botanical species or horticultural
  variety.
• Any plants in violation are subject to
  destruction or shipment
• out-of-state.

35
Chestnut Q WAC 16-470

• All plant parts of chestnut (Castanea spp.) and
  chinquapin (Castanopsis spp.) are regulated from
  all states.
• Can enter with certificate of origin from
  Arizona, California, Idaho, Nevada, Oregon and
  Utah

36
Chestnut Q WAC 16-470

• From all other states, must have certificate that
  chestnut bark disease, large chestnut weevil,
  small chestnut weevil, nut curculio, and oriental
  chestnut gall wasp are not known to occur within
  the production area of the origin state.OR MUST
  BE TREATED

37
Prunus Virus Quarantines WAC 16-487

• Prohibits uncertified Prunus plants and
  symptomless carriers.
• Qs dont regulate stock from Oregon or
  California (our biggest sources).