Reading Disorders

1
Reading Disorders

• By
• Larry Burd, Ph.D.
• Director, North Dakota Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
  Center
• University of North Dakota, School of Medicine
  and Health Sciences
• Grand Forks, ND

2

• Many of the slides in this presentation are from
  the work of Pelli et al Nature (423) 752-756
  2003 or Wilson et al Nature (423) 696-697 2003.

3
By age 25 the average person has read 100,000,000
words.
4
Efficiency Level in Reading

• 1
• n number of
  
• letters in word

5
1,000
Human
100
Energy (relative to noise)
Ideal
10
1
10
Word Length (letters)
6
0.1
Efficiency
0.01
1
10
Word Length (letters)
7
5 most common 3 letter words

• The
• And
• Was
• For
• His

8
Least frequent word his is encountered

• 100 times per hour
• 400,000 times per decade if reading 1 hour a day

9
Letter Recognition

• All or not very well phonemena

10
Word Effect

• Coin C
• Join J

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Comprehension

• Decoding impairs comprehension
• Comprehension improves decoding

12

• Rset
• Pclae
• Rghit
• Ltteer
• Lsat
• Tihng
• Iprmoetnt
• Bcuseae
• porbelm

• Raed
• Rscheearch
• Elingsh
• Mese
• Still
• Lteter
• Ervey
• Word
• wlohe

13
Comprehension Improves Decoding Skills

• Aoccdrnig to rscheearch at an Elingsh
  uinervtisy, it deosnt mttaer in what oredr the
  ltteers in a word are, the olny iprometnt tihng
  is that frist and lsat ltteer is at the rghit
  pclae. The rset can be a toatl mses and you can
  still raed it wouthit porbelm. This is bcuseae we
  do not raed ervey lteter by istlef but the word
  as a wlohe.

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Reading Skills Progression

• Signs
• Alphabet
• Letter Sounds
• Phonics
• Words
• Careful Reding

• Comprehension
• Rapid Reading
• Skipping
• Context
• Context and Skipping

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Reversals are Frequent

• p/d
• p/b
• q/g
• m/w
• was/saw
• on/no

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Rarely

• 6/9
• 2/6
• 3/8

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