The Failure of Collective Security

1
The Failure of Collective Security WWII

• Ch 4

2
League of Nations

• Identified in Wilsons 14 points
• States pledged to protect all members against
  aggression (art 10)
• Any war or threat of is to be a concern of all
  states (art 11)
• States must submit disputes not to go to war
  until 3 months following arbitration (art 12
  15)
• Any war disregarding the LON would be a war
  against all members (art 16)

3
League of Nations (continue)

• - formed coalition of nonaggressive states
• - make aggression illegal
• - outlaw offensive war
• - all states must punish aggressor
• - economic sanctions
• - sovereignty (states decide)

4
League

• Joining league states submit to international
  provisions in return for guarantees of collective
  security
• States are sovereign until they violate
  international law
• Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928)

5
Failure of league

• US failure to join
• - limit US sovereignty dilute Congressional
  constitutional power
• no military or peacekeeping force
• Japan invaded China (1931)
• - league failed to act / slow ineffective
• Italy invades Ethiopia (1935)
• - economic sanctions collapse (1936)
• - league watched as Italy conquered Ethiopia

6
Ineffectiveness of League

• Great or small, strong or weak, near or far,
  white or colored, let us never forget that one
  day we may be somebodys Ethiopia Haitian
  delegate to LON
• Many European countries fell victim to Hitlers
  aggression a few years later
• 1st efforts at collective security failed

7
Origins of WWII

• Hitlers War?
• A.J.P. Taylor argues that Hitler was an
  opportunist stepping into the power vacuums
  created by appeasement policies
• Mein Kampf (1924)
• - Hitlers 4 goals Lebensraum, rearmament,
  racial purity, economic recovery

8
German aggression

• 1933- withdrew from LON
• 1935- denounced treaty of Versailles
• 1936- Germany moves into Rhineland
• Intervened in Spains Civil War (1936-39)
• - LON
• 1938- Germany annexes Austria

9
Munich Conference

• Hitler announces plans to annex Czech
• Munich Conference (09/1938)
• A. promise of Hitler/ Czechoslovakia
• B. Chamberlain states peace in our time
• C. Hitler takes rest of Czech state/ failure of
  appeasement
• 1939- 1)Pact of Steel 2)nonaggression pact
  3)promise to assist Poland

10
Out break of WWII

• Hitler invades Poland (9.1.1939)/ Blitzkrieg
• Sept 3- Brit France declare war
• Frances Maginot Line
• Hitler invades France thru Belgium (1940)
• - France falls in 6 weeks (6.22.1940)
• - British evacuate Dunkirk

11
Battle of Britain(Aug 1940)

• Germany controls west central Europe
• Air Invasion of Britain/ Luftwaffe
• - Germany loses battle

12
Operation BarbarossaJune 22, 1941

• Hitler postpones invasion of Britain/ turns to
  Russia/ Lebensraum
• Pearl Harbor / Hitler declares war on US
• War becomes global

13
US entry

• Turning point in WWII
• Operation Overlord
• - D-Day (6-6-1944)
• Paris liberated
• Battle of the Bulge (1944-45)
• Allies occupy Berlin April 45
• Hitler commits suicide 4.30.1945
• May 5- Germany surrenders

14
Pacific Campaign

• FDR dies/ Truman/ A-bomb
• Ultimate surrender/ consequences of ground
  invasion/ decision
• Aug 15- Japan surrenders/ V-J Day
• WWII over

15
conclusion

• Most devastating war in history
• 60 million killed in 6 years
• Over 100 million causalities
• Germany divided
• United Nations created
• Underlying cause?
• Cold War begins