Europe Between the Wars

1
Europe Between the Wars

• 1919-1939

2
Britain

• King George V (1910-1936)
• House of Windsor
• 1920- joined the League of Nations
• 1921- recognized the Irish Free State
• 1925-signed the Locarno Treaty(agreement for
  European nations to get along)
  
• 1936- George V died failed to recognize the
  dangers of Mussolini and Hitler
  

3

• 1936- Edward VIII becomes the King
• Abdicates the throne to marry American divorcee
  Mrs. Wallis Simpson
  
• 1936- George VI becomes the king his wife died
  in 2002 at the age of 101 Queen Elizabeths
  mother
  
• 1937- Neville Chamberlain becomes Prime Minister

4

• 1938-appeased Hitler at the Munich Conference and
  let him take the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia
  
• 1939- signed treaty with Poland
• 1939- Britain declared war on Germany in
  September,1939

5
France

• 1920- joined the League of Nations
• 1923- occupied the Ruhr and Saar region of
  Germany
  
• 1925- signed the Locarno Treaty
• 1928-signed the Kellogg-Briand Pact along with 61
  other nations- outlawed offensive war
  

6

• 1928- built the Maginot Line to protect France
  from Germany
  
• 1934- Popular Front government formed in France
  to protect it from Fascism that had taken over
  Germany and Italy and about to take over Spain
  
• 1938-French Premier Edouard Daladier appeased
  Hitler at the Munich Conference
  
• 1939- Treaty with Poland
• 1939- Declares war on Germany when Poland is
  attacked

7
Austria

• 1919- established by the Treaty of St. Germain
• Anschluss- Germany and Austria can never be
  united
  
• 1919-Hapsburg Dynasty falls from power
• Many political parties competing for power
• 1923- joined the League of Nations
• Austrian Nazi Party growing in power

8

• Austrian Nazis taking over government positions
• 1934-1937- Kurt von Schuschnigg- President of
  Austria
  
• March, 1938- Germans give Schuschnigg an
  ultimatum to resign Hitler wants Austria to
  unite with Germany
  

9

• Majority of Austrians agree
• 1938- German troops into Vienna
• Austria- part of the Third Reich
• Violation of Anschluss and the Treaty of
  Versailles

10
Germany

• 1918- Kaiser Wilhelm abdicatessigned the
  armistice period of unrest Hohenzollern dynasty
  over
  
• Many Germans upset because they want to keep
  fighting Germany had not been invaded believed
  they had been stabbed in the back by civilian
  leaders
• 1919- Weimar Republic established with a
  president and a reichstag

11

• Competition among German political parties for
  power
  
• Growing Fascist party- National Socialist German
  Workers Party( Nazi)
  
• Wanted to make Germany great again
• 1919-1923- terrible inflation trying to pay debt
  by printing money
  
• 1924- Dawes Plan- U.S. loans Germany 200 million
  to stabilize the German economy
  
• 1925- signed the Locarno Treaty- back in good
  standing in the European community
  
• 1926- joins the League of Nations

12

• 1929- U.S. stock market crashes
• Depression spreads to Germany because U.S. banks
  were loaning money to Germany
  
• Germany in the middle of the Great Depression-
  unemployment, businesses closing, people with no
  money
  
• Nazi Party- promising Germans a better life
• 1933-Majority party
• 1933- Hitler becomes Chancellor
• 1933- Germany leaves the League of Nations

13

• 1934- President Paul von Hindenberg died
• Hitler becomes the dictator of Germany
• 1935- compulsory military training
• 1935- Nuremberg Laws
• 1936- German troops into the Rhineland
• 1936- Rome- Berlin Axis

14

• 1938- Germany seized Austria
• 1938- Germany takes the Sudetenland
• 1939- Germany takes the rest of Czechoslovakia
• August, 1939- Nazi-Soviet non-aggression pact
  signed
  
• September 1, 1939- Germany invades Poland and WW
  II begins