Protecting the Safety

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Protecting the Safety Health of Hispanic
Workers www.hispanicsworksafe.org
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
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After completing this unit, you will

• Be able to recognize hazards and understand how
  to use proper PPE
• Know your employer and your responsibilities
  about PPE
• Identify proper PPE for
• Head protection
• Eye and face protection
• Hearing protection
• Respiratory protection
• Hand, finger and arm protection
• Foot and leg protection
• Body protection

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The Hazards of Construction

• The tools, materials, and processes of
  construction create hazards.
• Those can affect your safety or health.

• Hazards can hurt you if they are not eliminated
  or controlled.
• Your employer must eliminate or control the
  hazards you are exposed to!

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Construction Hazards
SUBPART
E
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• Safety-Related
• Electrocution
• Falls
• Falling objects
• Flying objects
• Lifting
• Hot objects
• Crushing

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Construction Hazards

• Health-Related
• Noise
• Chemical Vapors
• Gases
• Lack of oxygen
• Asbestos dust
• Silica Dust
• Asphalt Fumes
• Vibration

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How Hazardous is Construction?

• There are more lost-time injuries in construction
  than in any other industry.

• Each year, one in seven workers will miss work
  because of an injury (most will not be wearing
  safety gear).
• Nearly one in five construction deaths are
  because of exposure to harmful chemicals.

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Employers Responsibility

• Your employer has several choices to control
  hazards
• Substitute the hazard with a safer process
• or product,
• Engineer out the hazard,
• Use Work Practice controls,
• Use Administrative controls, and/or
• Use Personal Protective Equipment (PPE).

Most of the time a combination of controls is
necessary
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Why is PPE Often the Choice?

• Construction exposes us to various hazards.
• Safer methods or products do not exist.
• Engineering or administrative controls may not be
  practical.

PPE should be the last level to control hazards
however it is very common in construction.
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What are PPEs?

• PPEs are specialized clothing or equipment worn
  by workers for protection against health and
  safety hazards.
• PPEs are designed to protect many parts of the
  body, i.e., eyes, head, face, hands, feet, and
  ears

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PPEs

• People have used personal protective equipment
  for centuries to protect themselves while they
  work
• Personal protective equipment today, as in the
  past, makes working safer and you more productive.

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Why Wear PPE?
Barrier against workplace hazards (E.g. prevent
over exposure)
To prevent take home contamination (E.g. prevent
exposure to others outside of the work
environment)
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Examples of PPE
Body Part Protection
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OSHA Standard

• In 1994, OSHA (the Occupational Safety and Health
  Administration) established the Personal
  Protective Equipment standard
• The PPE standard requires that employers must
  establish and administer an effective PPE program
  for workers. Workers should be trained in the
  proper use of PPE.

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Keep in mind

• PPE should be used to keep the exposure of
  workers within the limits

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Keep in mind

• PPE protects only the user - it does nothing to
  remove the hazard from the workplace
• PPE can work in conjunction with preventative
  measures (or when such controls are not
  possible

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PPE Program

• Includes procedures for selecting, providing and
  using PPE
• First -- assess the workplace to determine if
  hazards are present, or are likely to be present,
  which necessitate the use of PPE
• After selecting PPE, provide training to workers
  who are required to use it

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Employer Responsibility Physical Health
Hazard Assessment

• Physical Hazards include
• Sources of motion
• Sources of high and low temperatures
• Sources of light radiation     - welding     -
  brazing     - heat treating     - high
  intensity lights

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Employer Responsibility Physical Health
Hazard Assessment

• Plus
• Sources of falling objects
• Sources of sharp objects
• Sources of rolling or pinching objects
• Sources of electric hazards
• Floor conditions.

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Employer Responsibility Physical Health
Hazard Assessment

• Health hazards include
• Types of chemicals you could be exposed to
• Sources of harmful dusts
• Sources of nuclear radiation

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Employer Responsibility Provision of PPEs

• Once the working area has been assessed, the
  employer must select, with workers help,
  appropriate PPE for him/her to use while
  performing the job.

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Employer Responsibility Provision of PPEs

• Once your area has been assessed, your employer
  must provide, at no cost to you, appropriate PPE
  that fits, for you to use while performing your
  job

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Employer Responsibility Training
Employers must provide with training

• Training must include
• When PPE is necessary
• What PPE is necessary
• How to properly use PPEs
• How to care for PPEs
• How to identify signs of wear
• How to store PPEs

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Employer Responsibility Maintenance of PPEs

• In addition to providing the worker with PPE, the
  employer must maintain the PPE used by workers.
• If a piece of PPE cannot be repaired, it must be
  discarded and replaced.

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Employer Responsibility Recordkeeping

• The employer must maintain records of the
  workplace assessment and of the employees
  training

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Worker Responsibility

• Attend training sessions workers are responsible
  for attending all PPE training sessions

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Worker Responsibility

• Assess Potential Hazards Before the worker start
  any job, he/she should assess the real and
  potential hazards associated with that job

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HEAD PROTECTION
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Protecting Your Head

• Hard hats are required in areas where injury is
  possible
• Impact (bumping head against objects, such as
  pipes or beams)
• Falling or flying objects
• Contact with exposed electrical wiring

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Protecting Your Head

• Hard hats should be inspected often.
• Hard hats can accommodate other PPE for eyes or
  hearing

Never wear it backwards!
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Types of Head protection

• Helmets or hard hats (protect the head and can
  accommodate other PPE for eyes or hearing
• Hoods (protect the head, face, and neck from
  heat, flame, sparks, molten metal, liquids,
  dusts, and chemicals
• Bump caps (lighter than helmets, protect from
  bumping head on objects, not from falling objects)

Should meet ANSI standards
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How do Hard Hats Work?

• Very well, if worn correctly!
• The suspension absorbs shocks and keeps the shell
  away from your skull.
• Make sure you have at least one inch clearance
  between the suspension and the outer shell.

The proper hard hat has been tested to withstand
a 16 ounce (1/2 kg) hammer dropped 40 feet
(12mt.).
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How do Hard Hats Work?

• It is recommended to change liner every year
• Have a new liner every 5 years

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Selecting the Right Hard Hat

• Class A
• General service (building construction,
  shipbuilding, lumbering)
• Good impact protection but limited voltage
  protection
• Class B
• Electrical / Utility work
• Protects against falling objects and high-voltage
  shock and burns
• Class C
• Designed for comfort, offers limited protection.
  Usually made from aluminum
• Protects against bumps from fixed objects, but
  does not protect against falling objects or
  electrical shock

Most construction workers wear type A
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EYE FACE PROTECTION
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Protecting Your Eyes
What is the value of your sight?
What if you could no longer see this?
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Eye Hazards

• Flying objects
• Particles and dusts
• Splashing liquids

Related Activities Grinding, sanding, nail gun
use, sandblasting and woodworking
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Eye Hazards Chemicals
The most dangerous chemicals to the eyes are
corrosive liquids
Examples include acids, lye, bleach, ammonia,
sodium hydroxide and formaldehyde. Other
chemicals can also be extremely irritating to the
eyes. Some pesticides can be absorbed through the
eyes and make you sick.
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Eye Hazards
Harmful light radiation
Infrared from molten metal
Ultraviolet from welding
Laser
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Eye Hazards at Our Workplace
We have the following eye hazards at this
worksite list or describe
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Selection of Eye Protection

• CRITERIA
• Protects against specific hazard(s)
• Is comfortable to wear
• Does not restrict vision or movement
• Durable and easy to clean and disinfect
• Does not interfere with the function of other
  required PPE

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Types of Eye Protection
Three Main Types
Face shields
Safety glasses
Goggles
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Care Maintenance
Eye Protection

• Inspect for damage daily

• Clean as needed

• Replace if broken, cracked or if material on the
  lens or face-shield cant be removed.

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Emergency Eyewashes
Care Maintenance
An eyewash station is required for potential eye
exposure to

• Corrosives acids, caustics
• Strong irritants many chemicals
• Toxic chemicals - pesticides

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Using an Emergency Eyewash

• Note where eyewash is located
• If a chemical is splashed in the eye, go
  immediately to the eyewash. Get help if needed
• Hold or have both your eyelids held open
• Wash your eyes for at least 15 minutes
• Seek medical attention

Do you know where the eyewash stations at your
workplace are?
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HAND PROTECTION
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Your Hands
Your hands dont take them for granted
Human hands are unique and one of our greatest
assets.
Can you imagine not being able to work with your
hands?
Hand injuries can vary from minor cuts or
irritation to amputations.
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Hand Injuries

• A hand injury can ruin your day or your life

20 of disabling workplace injuries involve the
hands.
Hand injuries include cuts, burns, fractures,
amputations, nerve damage and dermatitis.
Skin irritation, dermatitis and even poisoning
can occur by handling chemicals with bare hands.
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Hand, finger and arm protection

• HAZARDS
• Exposure to hot or cold material and objects
• Bumping into objects that are sharp or pointed
• Sharp objects and equipment

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Hand, finger and arm protection

• HAZARDS
• Absorption of chemicals through skin
• Damage to tissue from solvents
• Electric shock

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Types of Hand, finger and arm protection

• Gloves
• Pads
• Finger guards and cots
• Sleeves
• Creams and lotions

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Types of gloves

• Durable gloves made of metal mesh, leather, or
  canvas
• Protects from cuts, burns, heat
• Fabric and coated fabric gloves
• Protects from dirt and abrasion
• Chemical and liquid resistant gloves
• Protects from burns, irritation, and dermatitis
• Rubber gloves
• Protects from cuts, lacerations, and abrasions

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Types of Rubber Gloves
Nitrile protects against solvents, harsh
chemicals, fats and petroleum products and also
provides excellent resistance to cuts and
abrasions.
Butyl provides the highest permeation resistance
to gas or water vapors
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Other Types of Gloves
Kevlar protects against cuts, slashes, and
abrasion
Stainless steel mesh protects against cuts and
lacerations
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Other Types of Gloves
Cut-resistant gloves
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Hand Protection (Gloves)
The following topics will be covered

• Hand Hazards
• Types of Gloves
• Limitations
• Use and Care
• Chemical-resistant gloves

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Hand Protection
Gloves can protect hands from
knives, sharp edges, splinters
chemicals
blood bodily fluids
excessive vibration
Hot objects
electricity
extreme cold
Glove handout in the S-drive
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Types of Gloves
There are many types of protective gloves
Leather gloves protect your hands from rough
surfaces.
Special insulated gloves can provide protection
from hot objects.
Cut-resistant gloves prevent or reduce cuts from
knives or sharp edges.
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Types of Gloves
Anti-vibration gloves reduce the effects of
excessive vibration from hand-tools and machinery.
Disposable gloves protect against blood and germs
in healthcare.
Various kinds of chemical resistant gloves
prevent contact with chemicals.
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Electrically Insulated Gloves
Certified Linesmans Gloves
These specialty gloves are used to handle live
wires or energized electrical equipment.
They must be electrically tested every 6 months.
They cant be used if not tested within past 12
months.
Check for obvious signs of wear or holes before
using.
(Optional Slide)
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Hazard Assessment

• Our company did a hazard assessment and found
  that gloves are needed in the following areas or
  job tasks

List areas or tasks here
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Gloves We Use
List, describe or show type of gloves used at
worksite here and when and for what tasks they
are needed
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Glove Limitations

• Gloves can get caught in rotating machinery.

• Some people are allergic to latex gloves.

• Gloves can actually cause more problems if
  chemicals get inside glove.

• Gloves can fail in conditions of extreme
  temperatures, high mechanical force, high
  vibration or handling extremely harsh chemicals.

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Glove Use and Care
Glove Size Fit
Gloves come in many sizes.
Use properly fitting gloves that give you the
needed dexterity.
Too big
A better fit
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Glove Use Care
Your hands should be clean before using gloves.
Fabric and leather gloves should be cleaned
regularly or discarded.
Latex gloves should not be used by
latex-sensitive people.
Link to glove washing instructions
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Glove Use Care
Some common-sense rules about gloves
Replace gloves if they have cuts, tears, holes or
defects.
Make sure gloves are the right length for the job.
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Glove Use and Care
Use the right glove for the job
Dont use fabric or leather gloves to handle
liquid chemicals.
No!
Yes!
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Chemical Resistant Gloves
The following slides cover chemical-resistant
gloves for employees who use them.
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Chemical Hazards
The kind of chemical determines the hazard
Corrosives will burn or irritate the
skin Solvents will dry the skin out, may
irritate, burn or blister, some are absorbed into
the body Pesticides absorbed into the
body Other chemicals a variety of effects
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Chemical-Resistant Gloves
Chemical-resistant gloves facts
Chemical-resistant gloves are not totally
chemical-proof
Chemicals will eventually penetrate the gloves
over time.
Chemicals will also break down (swell, crack or
weaken) the glove material over time.
The thicker the glove, the more resistant it is
to chemicals.
Thick is better than Thin
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Chemical-Resistant Gloves

• Chemical glove selection

No single glove material will protect against all
chemicals.
Gloves are selected according to the type of
chemical.
Good chemical gloves are made of Viton, butyl,
nitrile, neoprene, or PVC or combinations of
these.
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Chemical-resistant Gloves
Using chemical-resistant gloves
You should know what chemical you are handling
and how long the gloves will keep the chemical
out.
1 Hr? 8 hrs?
Throw away gloves whenever degradation is visible
or you know chemicals have leaked inside.
When handling highly toxic chemicals, two layers
of chemical-resistant gloves can provide
additional protection.
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Removing Contaminated Gloves
Remove contaminated gloves safely and properly
Badly contaminated gloves are impossible to
clean. Removal should be done in a way so that
the bare hands do not touch the outside of the
gloves.
Describe method used at your workplace here, if
applicable
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Workplace specifics
Describe any additional company glove policies
here, such as glove supply and replacement,
cleaning policies, moving machinery rules.
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FOOT LEG PROTECTION
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Protecting Your Feet and Legs

• Every year nearly 200,000 workers injure their
  feet.
• OSHA requires you to wear foot protection where
  there is a possibility of material falling,
  crushing or rolling over.
• Safety shoes must meet the requirements of ANSI
  Z41.1

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Foot and leg protection

• HAZARDS
• Falling objects
• Slipping, stepping on protruding nails, hot
  materials, wet materials
• Contact with chemicals
• Cutting hazards of tools
• Dangers from cold

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Choosing Foot Protection
Wear sturdy shoes with thick soles, steel toes
steel shanks.
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Foot and leg protection
In 75 of foot injuries, workers were not
wearing safety shoes
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Types of foot and leg protection

• Safety shoes
• Metatarsal or instep guards
• Steel insoles
• Rubber or plastic boots
• Insulation
• Conductive soles
• Slip-resistant soles

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Safety Shoes

• Impact-resistant toes and heat-resistant soles
  protect against hot surfaces common in roofing
  and paving

• Some have metal insoles to protect against
  puncture wounds
• May be electrically conductive for use in
  explosive atmospheres, or nonconductive to
  protect from workplace electrical hazards

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BODY PROTECTION
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Body protection

• HAZARDS
• Exposure to hazardous materials or biohazards
• Work in confined spaces where atmospheres may not
  support life
• Dangers from fire or high heat sources
• Impacts from tools, machinery, and materials
• Cuts

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Types of body protection

• Coats and smocks
• Coveralls
• Aprons
• Full suits
• Fire entry suits
• Rainwear

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Types of body protection

• High visibility clothing
• Personal flotation devices
• Puncture-resistant and cut-resistant clothing

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Body Protection
Sleeves and Apron
Cooling Vest
Full Body Suit
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Types of body protection
Sleeves and Apron
Full Body Suit
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HEARING PROTECTION
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Noisy Facts

• Noise increases your blood pressure and wears you
  out.
• You are naturally going to lose some hearing with
  age.
• Work-related hearing loss plus natural loss will
  make it hard for you to enjoy retirement.
• Hearing loss is sneaky because you can be hurting
  yourself without pain.
• You lose hearing first in the speech range.

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When Do You Need Protection?

• OSHA requires protection whenever noise is 90dBA
  or above for an 8-hour day.
• Louder noises for shorter periods and impact
  noise also require protection.
• Remember the 3 foot rule
• If you have to raise your voice to talk to
  someone 3 feet away, you need hearing protection!
• See Table D-2 at 1926.52

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Hearing protection
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Hearing protection

• HAZARDS
• Exposure to excessive noise will produce
  temporary or permanent hearing loss

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Hearing protection

• When Must Hearing Protection be Provided?
• After implementing engineering and work
  practice controls
• When an employees noise exposure exceeds an
  8-hour time-weighted average (TWA) sound level
  of 90 dBA

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Types of hearing protection

• Muffs fit over the ears to keep sound from
  entering. Muffs are best for severe noise
  environments and are more effective for high
  frequencies than for low ones
• Plugs devices inserted into the ear canal. Plugs
  are more effective for high frequencies than low
  ones. Some are reusable, others are disposable.

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Protecting Your Hearing

• Use plugs or muffs.
• Follow the manufacturers instructions.
• They must fit properly and be maintained.
• Remember, they only work
• if used.
• Do not use cotton or other home-made protection.

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Types of hearing protection
Earmuffs
Earplugs
Canal Caps
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Types of hearing protection
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RESPIRATORY PROTECTION
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Respiratory protection

• HAZARDS
• Lack of oxygen
• Excessive concentrations of certain gases and
  particulates
• Inhalation of certain gases

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Respiratory protection

• Two approaches to control hazards
• To ensure the breathing air is of good quality
• To clean the air before it is inhaled into the
  lungs

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Types of respiratory protection

• Self-contained breathing apparatuses (SCBA)
  provide clean, breathable air to a user. Users
  carry SCBA equipment on a backpack
• Supplied-air respirators provide breathable air
  from other sources through a supply line. E.g.
  hose mask, air-line respirator
• Air-purifying respirators remove particulates
  and gases from inhaled air. E.g. filter
  respirators

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Respirator Types
? There are two types of respirators Air
Purifying filters the air. Supplied-Air
gives you clean air from another source. ?
Either must be NIOSH- or MSHA- approved.
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Types of respiratory protection
Air-purifying respirator
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Fit is Important

• Your respirator must seal tightly against your
  face.
• Things which can prevent a good seal
• beards and sideburns
• eyeglasses
• the shape of your face remember respirators do
  come in different sizes.

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Fit-Check Your Respirator

• Perform both types of fit checks every time you
  put your respirator on.
• There are two ways to make sure your respirator
  fits properly.
• Positive fit check
• Exhale to check for leaks.
• Negative fit check
• Inhale to check for leaks.

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Positive Pressure Check

• Place palm over exhalation valve.
• Gently exhale.
• If face piece balloons out slightly you cant
  feel leakage, you have a good seal.

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Negative Pressure Check

• Block ends of cartridges with hands.
• Gently inhale.
• If face piece pulls in and you dont feel a leak,
  then you have a good seal.

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And dont forget!
Our families need us!
Everyday, they expect us to return home safe and
healthy.
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Questions?
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Training Evaluation
What did you like about this training?
What suggestions do you have for changes?
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Acknowledgements
This training program was developed by
Hispanics Work Safewww.hispanicsworksafe.org
How to contact us? Maria Julia
Brunette Department of Work Environment
University of Massachusetts LowellOne
University Ave., Lowell, MA 01854Phone
978-934-3248 Fax [phone]Email
Maria_Brunette_at_uml.edu
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Acknowledgements
This training program was funded by grants
from Occupational Safety and Health
Administration (OSHA)
This material was produced under grant number
46A3-HT15 from the Occupational Safety and Health
Administration, U.S. Department of Labor.  It
does not necessarily reflect the views or
policies of the U.S. Department of Labor, nor
does mention of trade names, commercial products,
or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S.
Government.
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Types of eye and face protection