ALMA: Resolving (optically) obscured galaxy formation

1
ALMA Resolving (optically) obscured galaxy
formation Dusty04, C. Carilli (NRAO)
IR
Optical
Franceschini 2000
Cosmic Background Radiation
2
Obscured galaxy formation low redshift (Meier
Turner 2004)

• IC342
• distance 2 Mpc
• M_gas 4e7 M_sun
• SFR 0.1 M_sun/yr
• Starburst age 1e7 yrs

30 300pc
3
Obscured galaxy formation high redshift (Downes
et al 2002 Dunlop et al 2003)
PdBI/VLA position gt K 23.5 (Dunlop et al.) I
K gt 5.2 z 4 /- 1 (?) S_250 2.1 /- 0.3
mJy S_1.4 16 /- 4 uJy L_FIR7e12 L_sun Grav.
Mag. 3x (?)
Single Scuba galaxy dominates SFR at zgt2 in HDF
over 10000 optical galaxies!
4
UV selected galaxies large range in bolometric
luminosity, but little correlation of L_uv and
L_bol
Adelberger 2000
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Magic of (sub)mm
L_FIR 4e12 x S_250(mJy) L_sun for z0.5 to 8
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Enabling Technology I sensitivity Arp 220 vs z
(FIR1.6e12 L_sun)
cm Star formation, AGN
(sub)mm Dust, molecular gas
Near-IR Stars, ionized gas, AGN
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Enabling technology II Resolution
10s mas resolution, T_B 0.3 K GMCs at 200Mpc
ALMA
PdBI/CARMA
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Nearby star forming Galaxies Chemistry/Physics
IC342, D2Mpc
Meier Turner 2004
CO all gas
300pc
HC3N Dense
C2H PDRs

• ALMA Image with GMC resolution (50pc) to 250 Mpc
• Rich clusters Virgo 16 Mpc, Coma 100 Mpc
• ULIRGs Arp 220 75 Mpc, Mrk 273 160 Mpc

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Nearby Gals II Dynamics feeding the nucleus
NGC6946, D5.5Mpc
Schinnerer et al., in prep.

• PdBI 0.5 CO(2-1)
• - Gas Lanes along Bar
• Streaming Motions
• Gas Disk w/ R lt15pc
• ALMA extend to
• Mrk 231 at 180 Mpc
• Cygnus A at 240 Mpc

100 pc
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Probing the epoch of galaxy formation z 1.5
3.5
Optical gals
IR/(sub)mm gals
Comparable SFR at high z in dusty starbursts as
optical galaxies?
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(sub)mm Source counts (Blain 2002)
ALMA

• ALMA 2e6 gals/deg2
• HDF 4e6 gals/deg2
• Big Difference
• ALMA gals (mostly) at z gt 1
• HST gals (mostly) at z lt 1

Lensed fields
Current bolometers
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L_FIR vs L(CO) (Beelen 04)
PdBI/Carma zgt2
1e3 M_sun/yr
ALMA zgt2
Index1
1e11 M_sun
Index1.7
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SKA and ALMA Optimal CO searches

• ALMA discovers 10 gals/hr z0.5 2.5
• SKA discovers 10 gals/hr z4

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HCN 1-0 emission VLA detections n(H_2) gt 1e5
cm-3 (vs. CO n(H_2) gt 1e3 cm-3)
Current zgt2
Solomon et al
Index1
z2.58
ALMA zgt2 (if constant T_b)
70 uJy
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Main ISM cooling line CII 158um (vd Werf 2004)
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PKS 23221944 z4.12 CO Einstein ring
VLA CO2-1 0.4 res
PdBI
PdBI CI (492 GHz rest) gt Solar Metallicity
(Pety 2004)
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Very wide field surveys role of bolometer cameras

• Bolometers ( EVLA, Spizter) survey large areas
  to sub-mJy sensitivity
• ALMA detailed SED and CO follow-up
• ALMA uJy, narrow field surveys

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Enabling technology III Wideband spectroscopy
Redshifts for obscured/faint sources 8 - 32 GHz
spectrometers on ALMA, LMT, GBT (Min Yun 04,
Harris 04) L_FIR 1e13 L_sun
ALMA
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History of IGM
ionized
CoIs Walter, Bertoldi, Cox, Omont, Beelen, Fan,
Strauss...
Neutral F(HI)1
Epoch of Reionization (EoR)

• bench-mark in cosmic
• structure formation
• indicating the first
• luminous structures

Ionized F(HI)1e-5
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The Gunn-Peterson Effect
Fast reionization at z6.3 gt opaque at
l_obslt0.9mm
1e-3
Fan et al 2003
1e-5
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WMAP Large scale polarization of CMB (Kogut et
al.)
20deg
Thompson scattering at EoR t_e 0.17 gt F(HI) lt
0.5 at z17 Complex reionization from z6 to 15?
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Objects within EoR QSO 114852 at z6.4

• highest redshift quasar known
• L_bol 1e14 L_sun
• central black hole 1-5 x 109 Msun gt
  M_bulge 1.5e12 M_sun (Willot etal.)
• clear Gunn Peterson trough (Fan etal.)

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• Pre-ALMA Science 114852 Dust CO detection
  z6.42
• S_250 5.0 mJy gt L_FIR 1.2e13 L_sun,
  M_dust7e8 M_sun
• S Dv 0.2 Jy km/s gt M(H_2) 2e10 M_sun

VLA CO 3-2 46.6149 GHz
MAMBO
3
Off channels rms 60 uJy

• Prodigious dust and molecular gas formation
  within 0.9 Gyr of big bang
• eg. Dust formation in SNR/massive stars?

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IRAM Plateau de Bure
n2
(6-5)
(7-6)
(3-2)

• Tkin100K, nH2105cm-3

• FWHM 305 km/s
• z 6.419 /- 0.001

Typical of starburst nucleus
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VLA imaging of CO3-2 at 0.4 and 0.15 resolution
rms50uJy at 47GHz

• Separation 0.3 1.7 kpc
• T_B 20K T_B (starburst)
• Merging galaxies?
• Or Dissociation by QSO?

• CO extended to NW by 1 (5.5 kpc) tidal(?)
  feature
• M_dyn (rlt2.5kpc) 5e10 M_sun
• gt break-down of M-s relation gt SMBH form first?

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11485251 radio-FIR SED
Beelen et al.
S_1.4 55 /- 12 uJy
104846
T_D 50 K

• Star forming galaxy characteristics radio-FIR
  SED, L_CO/FIR, CO excitation and T_B gt Coeval
  starburst/AGN SFR 1000 M_sun/yr
• Stellar spheroid formation in few e7 yrs
  e-folding time for SMBH
• gt Coeval formation of galaxy/SMBH at z 6.4 ?

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Objects within the EoR nearIR detection of
normal star forming galaxy at z6.56 (Hu et al)

• L_uv 2e10 L_sun LBG dust correction (5x) gt
  L_FIR1e11 L_sun
• S_250 0.03 mJy gt 4s ALMA detection in 3 hrs
• Expect 1 2 normal galaxies ALMA FoV at zgt6

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ALMA de-obscuring galaxy formation

• I. Seeing through the dust
• Physics, chemistry, dynamics of star formation at
  GMC scale to 250Mpc
• Unveiling the submm galaxy population at z1 to
  3 gt ½ SFHU
• II. First light Seeing through neutral IGM (GPgt
  limited to NIR to radio)
• Study dust, gas, star formation in the first
  luminous sources
• Currently limited to pathological systems
  (HLIRGs)
• ALMA, EVLA 10-100x sensitivity is critical to
  study normal galaxies

z6.4
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mm VLBI
10s mas resolution
ALMA
mmVLBI
PdBI/CARMA
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Millimeter VLBI Imaging the Galactic center
black hole (Falcke 2000)
Kerr
R_g 3 uas
Schwarzschild
Model opt. thin synch
0.6 mm VLBI 16uas res
1.3 mm VLBI 33 uas res
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mm-vlbi of the Galactic center (Krichbaum 1998)