Fingertip Pulse Oximeter for home & Professional use

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Fingertip Pulse Oximeter for home Professional
use
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Pulse Oximeter - What is it?
A meter used to measure the concentration of
oxygen in the blood.
It is done with an oximeter, a photoelectric
device specially designed for this purpose and a
reusable probe.
The oximeter works on the principle that the
oxygenated blood is a brighter color of red than
the deoxygenated blood, which is more blue-purple.
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Pulse oximeters display oxygen saturation, pulse
rate, pulse strength, low battery, and alarms.
There may be a waveform display also.
Invented in 1972 by Takuo Aoyagi, an electrical
engineer at Nihon Kohden company in Tokyo.
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What Does it Do?
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Pulse Oximetry provides estimates of arterial
oxyhemoglobin saturation (SAO2) by utilizing
selected wavelengths of light to
noninvasivelydetermine the saturation of
oxyhemoglobin
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• Handheld Pulse Oximeter

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Why is it used?
it is used to detect hypoxia. hypoxia is a
pathological condition in which the body as a
whole (generalized hypoxia) or a region of the
body (tissue hyoxia) is deprived of adequate
oxygen supply.
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Areas of Use

• Anesthesia standards require pulse oximetry on
  all anesthetized patients.
• Used with ventilator dependant patients.
• Frequently incorporated into vital signs monitors
  measuring heart rate, blood pressure, and
  temperature.
• It is commonly used in the hospital in the
  continuous mode for critical applications and
  intermittently for less critical patients.

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Benefits of Use

• Low cost (Finger units lt50).
• Ease of Use (Clip and Press).
• Degree of Accuracy.

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Limitations of Use

• Intravenous Dyes.
• Motion.
• Low Perfusion states.
• Black or blue nail polish.

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Areas of concern

• Sensitive to motion.
• Readings below 85 have increased error.
• Low perfusion state increases error.
• Ambient light interferes with reading.
• Delay in reading of about 12 seconds.
• Dysfunctional hemoglobin.

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Since first generation devices, technical
advances which have been made to improve pulse
oximetry include

• Calibration resistors and chips embedded into the
  sensor.
• The use of ECG synchronization techniques.
• Various motion sensing improvements.
• Specialty sensors for high altitude climbers.
• Smart alarm systems for pulse oximeters.
• A reduction in size, cost and power use.
• Wireless connection via Bluetooth technology.

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Pulse oximeters are relatively safe devices with
a few safety issues

• Infection especially with reusable sensors.
• Possible heating and minor burns to sensitive
  skin due to the red/infra-red LEDs.
• Routine electrical safety concerns.

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