1' Jeffrey D' Sachs, The End of Poverty: Economic Possibilities for Our Time, London: Penguin Books,

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1. Jeffrey D. Sachs, The End of Poverty
Economic Possibilities for Our Time, London
Penguin Books, 2005.2. An excerpt from 1 can be
found in Time, March, 2005.3. Jeffrey D. Sachs,
Can Extreme Poverty Be Eliminated? Scientific
American, September, 2005.4. Pranab Bardhan,
Does Globalization Help or Hurt the Worlds
Poor? Scientific American, April, 2006.5. The
Earth Institutehttp//www.earth.columbia.edu/6
. United Nations Millennium Project
http//www.unmillenniumproject.org/
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Almost all of us were once extremely poor. The
industrial revolution ushered in ways to conquer
famine, disease, and ignorance.
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Today more than one billion people live in
extreme poverty. They struggle to provide the
fundamentals adequate nutrition, clean drinking
water, safe shelter, basic sanitation and health
care. Every day more than 20,000 people die as a
result of extreme poverty.

• If economic development is a ladder with higher
  rungs representing steps up the path to economic
  well-being, there are roughly one billion people
  around the world, one sixth of humanity,
  whoaretoo hungry, ill or destitute even to get
  a foot on the first rung of the development
  ladder. 1,18
• A few rungs up the development ladder is the
  upper end of the low-income world, where roughly
  another 1.5 billion people face problems like
  chronic financial hardship and a lack of basic
  amenities such as safe drinking water and
  functioning latrines. All told, the extreme poor
  and the poor make up around 40 of humanity.
  1,19
• The goal is to end extreme poverty, not to end
  all poverty, and still less to equalize world
  incomes or to close the gap between the rich and
  the poor. This may eventually happen, but if so,
  the poor will have to get rich on their own
  effort. 1,289

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Political corruption is not the cause of poverty
poverty is the cause of political corruption.

• Affluent nations have repeatedly plundered and
  exploited poor countries through slavery,
  colonial rule and unfair trade practices. Yet it
  is perhaps more accurate to say that exploitation
  is the result of poverty rather than the cause of
  it. Poverty is generally the result of low
  productivity per worker, which reflects poor
  health, lack of job-market skills, patchiness of
  infrastructure roads, power plants, utility
  lines, shipping ports), chronic malnutrition, and
  the like. Exploitation has played a role in
  producing some of these conditions, but deeper
  factors geographic isolation, endemic disease,
  ecological destruction, challenging conditions
  for food production) have tended to be more
  important and difficult to overcome without
  external help. 3, 60

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Asian Poverty

• China The Republican Revolution, The Communist
  Revolution, the Japanese Invasion, Geographical
  Inaccessibility, Lack of Infrastructure the
  sick man of Asia. Today, China has the fastest
  growing economy in the world.
• Bangladesh condemned to extreme poverty.
  --Henry Kissinger, 1971. Today, her burgeoning
  garment industry (GAP, Polo, Yves Saint Laurent,
  Wal-Mart, J.C. Penny, etc.) has enabled her to
  begin ascent on the ladder of economic
  development these factories offer not only
  opportunities for personal freedom, but also the
  first rung on the ladder of rising skills and
  income for themselves and, within a few years,
  for their children. Virtually every poor
  country that has developed successfully has gone
  through these first stages of industrialization.
  1.12
• The jobs for women in the cities and in rural
  off-farm micro-enterprises a new spirit of
  womens rights and independence and empowerment
  dramatically reduced rates of child mortality
  rising literacy of girls and young women and
  crucially, the availability of family planning
  and contraception have made all the difference
  for these women. 1,14

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The end of absolute poverty is possible if a
concerted global effort is undertaken, as the
nations of the world promised when they adopted
the Millennium development Goals at the United
Nations Millennium Summit in 2000.

• We the Peoples The Role of the United Nations
  in the 21st Century.
• The Millennium Declaration.
• The Millennium Development Goals.
• 1) Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
• 2) Achieve universal primary education
• 3) Promote gender equality empower women
• 4) Reduce Child mortality
• 5) Improve maternal health
• 6) Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other
  diseases.
• 7) Ensure Environmental sustainability
• 8) Develop a global partnership for
  development

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Clinical Economics The Health of the Human Body
is Analogous to the Health of the World Economy

• The body and the economy are both complex
  systems.
• Treatment for the ills of complex systems
  requires differential diagnoses followed up by
  targeted interventions.
• Clinical economics utilizes the skills of
  development practitioners trained to diagnose
  and treat the causes of economic distress in
  impoverished regions.
• Optimal treatment strategies are holistic,
  requiring a thorough understanding of the
  history, culture, politics, and economics of
  developing areas.
• Periodic monitoring and evaluation are essential.

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The Big Five Development Interventions

• Investments in Agriculture improved fertilizers,
  fallows, cover crops, seeds, grain storage, and
  so on.
• Investments in Basic Health clinics with
  essential services from doctors nurses,
  region-specific fundamentals for example
  anti-malarial nets and medicines, oral
  re-hydration therapies, and HIV/AIDS treatment.
• Investments in Education Meals for primary
  students in impoverished areas, vocational
  training in skills related to agriculture, heath,
  and infrastructure maintenance and improvement.
• Investments in Power, Transportation, and
  Communications Off-grid diesel electric
  generators can be efficiently utilized to power
  hospitals, factories, villages..
• Safe Drinking Water Sanitation Stream
  protection, well drilling and utilization,
  rainwater collecting technologies, etc.

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A large-scale and targeted public investment
effort could eliminate extreme poverty by 2025

• International poverty assistance from affluent
  nations needs to be doubled to about 160 billion
  per year.
• Taking into account related factors spending on
  major infrastructure projects, climate change
  mitigation, post conflict reconstruction, and so
  on, rich donor nations need to target .007 of
  their respective gross national products to the
  mission of ending extreme poverty.
• This goal was set and agreed to by all 147nations
  of the developed world at the UN Millennium
  Conference.

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If we can, should we do it?

• There is no good reason not to do it.
• We agreed to the MDG.
• It would serve our rational self-interest.
• It would assuage personal and moral guilt.

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Humanity Informed Compassion

• The ancient Chinese philosopher, Mencius
  recognized the existence of a virtue that he
  called ? humanity. Mencius said, Suddenly
  seeing a baby about to fall into a well, anyone
  would be heart stricken with pity, neither
  because they want to curry favor with the babys
  parents, nor because they want praise from
  neighbors and friends, nor because they hate the
  babys cries. This is why I say that everyone
  has a heart that cannot bear to see others
  suffer. The Book of Mencius, IIA6
• David Hume thought we could learn to feel
  approval and disapproval of things from a non-ego
  centric point of view. In the Enquiry he says
  that seeing human happiness or misery excites in
  our breast a sympathetic movement of pleasure or
  uneasiness. He calls the sentiment we feel from
  an egoless point of view humanity, and
  describes it as a spark of friendship for
  humankind some particle of the dove kneaded into
  our frame, along with the elements of the wolf
  and the serpent.
• 
  From Garner, Beyond
  Morality