Jacksons Presidency

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Jacksons Presidency
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Jacksons Presidency

• Spoils System
• Gave jobs to many friends
• Fired Adams workers
• Appealed to the Common Man

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The Removal of Natives

• Civilized Tribes living in valuable land in GA,
  NC, SC, AL, MS, and TN
• Indian Removal Act law which provided funds for
  Fed. Gov. to negotiate with Natives to move west
• 1830 pressured Choctaw to move from MS
• 1831 ordered US troops to forcibly remove Sauk
  and Fox from IL and MO
• 1832 forced Chicasaw to leave AL and MS

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The Trail of Tears

• Cherokees brought GA to court, at first John
  Marshal refused to hear the case
• Samuel Austin Worcester stood up for Indians in
  court since he was a citizen
• Worster vs. Georgia (1832) court ruled
  Cherokees are a distinct nation that GA can not
  regulate by law and land can not be invaded
• Jackson refused to obey it John Marshall has
  made his decision now let him enforce it.

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The Trail of Tears

• Some Cherokees began to promote relocation
• US Fed agents heard of this group, had them sign
  Treaty of New Echota
• Last 8 million acres of Cherokee land given to
  US fed gov. in exchange for 5 mil and land in OK
• Later, Pres. Van Buren forced the removal of the
  remaining Cherokees
• Oct. 1838 Cherokees sent on 800 mile trip on
  foot, many died on the way, had money and
  livestock stolen, and destination land was far
  inferior to their previous land.

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1828 Tariff of Abominations

• South hurt by tariffs
• less British goods being bought by US
• less cotton sold to Britain
• also forced to buy expensive northern goods
• South felt North getting rich at Southern
  expense.
• Calhoun, normally a nationalist, spoke up for his
  home hurting state

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Calhouns Nullification Theory

• Questioned the legality of applying some federal
  laws in sovereign states
• States made constitution ?
• still have some sovereignty ?
• therefore each still has right to determine
  whether act of Congress is constitutional ?
• otherwise Fed. Gov can trample on minority
• Felt if states do not have the above rights, they
  can secede from the union.

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Hayne and Webster Debate

• Debated over the tariff
• See handout

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South Carolina Rebels

• 1832 Congress passed another tariff
• SC said unauthorized by Constitution and
  threatened to secede from the Union if customs
  officials tried to collect duties
• Jackson declared SC act treasonous and threatened
  to hang Calhoun.
• Jackson Passed FORCE BILL
• Allowed fed gov. to use the army and navy against
  SC if state authorities resisted.
• Henry Clays compromise gradually lower tariff
  over 10 years. Temporarily solved problem.

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Andrew Jackson the National Bank

• Jacksons hatred for the National Bank
• had lost due to speculation early in his life
  so skeptical of banks
• Felt conservative credit policies caused Panic of
  1819
• Symbolized Eastern wealth and power
• Cared for wealthy and not for common man
• Threatened American Democracy b/c its influence
  on the economy
• Could bribe officials or buy elections to control
  the gov.

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Andrew Jackson the National Bank

• Jackson promoted to general public that the bank
  served to make the rich richer and the potent
  more powerful.
• Some basis for hatred
• Fed. Taxes deposited in BUS rather than state or
  local banks ? gave BUS advantage over other banks
• BUS stockholders earned interest on Fed. Tax
  deposits, not taxpayers
• Bank President gave cheaper loans to Congressman
  than average citizen

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Andrew Jackson kills the BUS

• 1832 Jackson pressures Sec. of Treasury to
  withdraw gov. deposits from the bank and put them
  in state banks pet banks
• Sec. of Treasury refused, Jackson fired him
• To save bank, Biddle called in repayment of loans
  ? this hurt everyone, and he lost support
• 1936 Charter expired, was not renewed, became
  normal local bank, within 5 years went out of
  business.

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King Andrew

• Many, even fellow democrats, felt he acted more
  like a king than President.
• Dubbed King Andrew the first.
• Creation of WHIG PARTY after group in Britain who
  tried to limit royal power.