Strategies in Re-purposing Graphics for Intelligent Delivery

1
Strategies in Re-purposingGraphics for
Intelligent Delivery

• Berlin 24 May 2001
• Martin Jackson,
• Bombardier Aerospace
• Jeremiah Woolsey,
• Interactive Documents International

2

3
Strategies in Re-purposingGraphics for
Intelligent Delivery

• Business issues
• Standards, goodness, and style
• Delivering efficiency to the customer
• Internal efficiencies
• Engineering interfaces
• Summary

4
Strategies in Re-purposingGraphics for
Intelligent Delivery

• Business issues
• Standards, goodness, and style
• Delivering efficiency to the customer
• Internal efficiencies
• Engineering interfaces
• Summary

5
Aviation Industry Paradoxes

• Aircraft need support over 30 years
• the older the aircraft the more customers and
  configurations to support
• Myriad of publications systems and formats
• the older the system the more expensive it is to
  migrate
• Engineering data is authority for revisions
• The older the engineering system the greater the
  disconnect to publications
• Modern aircraft are increasingly complex
• The experience age of technicians is declining
• Aircraft grounded are huge cost burdens
• Customers require ever more efficient information
  retrieval

6
IETM stagnationdynamic text - static graphics

• Graphics are created, stored and presented as
  static visuals
• Usability of manuals have stagnated
  (interactivity is text based)
• No links available from manuals to additional
  data on the web
• Customers print wiring manuals from electronic
  version to be usable
• No interfaces from IPC to parts ordering

35 increase in trouble shooting efficiency via
interactive documents not achievable without
dynamic graphics
7
What is a Technical Illustration?

• It is not
• strictly engineering data
• art for arts sake
• It is
• a communicator of technical information
• the most efficient means of passing on spatial
  information
• An intelligent graphic is also
• a navigation tool
• the most efficient means of passing on spatial
  and textual information

8
Technological Convergencewhy the time is right
for intelligent graphics

• Web CGM
• Vector intelligent technical graphics viewable
  via browsers
• ATA CGM
• Vector technical graphic data interchange proven
  to be reliable across applications and platforms
• Industry graphic style guide
• The industry accepts visual communication
  standards
• e-Business
• Provides opportunities to link to / from customer
  information processes
• Human issues
• The modern mechanic has less time, is relatively
  inexperienced but more computer literate

9
4 Key Business Strategies

• Quality Controls
• from 14 to 26 secondary and 50 tertiary vendors
  per program
• reliable digital data and quality controls
• Change Process Management
• 4 revisions per year 50,000 revisions to
  illustrations during publications life
• structured graphic data and efficient change
  process
• Engineering Synergies
• 50 of all publications work is research
• synergy between publications and engineering
• Single Source Graphics
• Each illustration tells a unique story
• Each illustrated component is the same
• component based illustrating

10
Strategies in Re-purposingGraphics for
Intelligent Delivery

• Business issues
• Standards, goodness, and style
• Delivering efficiency to the customer
• Internal efficiencies
• Engineering interfaces
• Summary

11
Why CGM?

• Platform independent
• ISO standard
• Web enabled
• Industry profiles available
• Efficient data sizes
• Conformance test suites established
• Large existing legacy data sets

12
CGM Standard (ISO/IEC 8632)

• Version 1
• The original 1992 standard -vector data including
  polygons, lines, rectangles, circles, arcs, text
  plus uncompressed raster data.
• Version 2
• Corrections to v1 and some minor improvements
• Version 3
• Advanced curves support (Bezier, conic arcs,
  B-splines), improved text handling, line
  attributes, raster compression, more colour
  models.
• Version 4
• Application structures that enable intelligent
  graphics, more precise line type support

13
CGM Profiles

• ATA - Air Transport Association
• GREXchange Graphics Exchange standard for
  version 1and 3 metafiles - Aerospace industry
  profile
• IGEX Intelligent Graphics Exchange standard for
  version 4 metafiles - Aerospace industry profile
• WebCGM
• The intelligent web-enabled profile
• January 99 - recommended for use by W3C
• CALS - (Continuous Acquisition Life-Cycle
  Support)
• MIL-D-28003A
• Standards for the exchange of military graphics
  for technical publications
• PIP - Petroleum Industry Profile
• Geophysical and trace mapping usage with
  extensive use of colour and patterning.
• SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers) SAE J2008
  Profile

14
The quality triangleSqueezing through the
quality loop
Goodness
NIST syntax checkers
Industry Profile
ISO 8632
15
Goodness How can a syntactically correct CGM not
be good?

• Line styles
• Text alignment
• Circles and curves
• Layers - corporate handshakes
• Colour precision
• Line continuation
• Inherited quality issues

Q
A
B
A
LOSS
CGM
CGM
16
Supplier Graphic DataTypical problems

• differing visual clues
• uncertain locations
• confusing detail
• huge fragmented CAD files
• different layering schemes

STYLE

• CGM
• fonts
• scaling
• colour maps
• line fonts
• ellipses
• masks
• fragmentation
• huge CAD files

17
Graphic Style About 50 of supplier errors are
style related

• Why does it matter?
• Visual communication
• Goodness controls
• Visual coding
• Use of illustration fragments
• Cost versus Quality
• 2m/ yr in Aerospace spent reworking graphics
  for style purposes (1997 ATA Survey)
• Limits reuse of illustration fragments
• ATA Graphics Style Standard
• Recommended for use in 2000
• Created by all major manufacturers and component
  vendors with input from AECMA.
• In use now within Aerospace community

18
Colour Standards
Pantone
Color Name
Matching
R
G
B
System
Yellow
Yellow
255
255
0
Orange
1585
255
116
66
Red
Warm Red
255
0
0

• Video display units
• Training courses
• Single source graphics
• Exchanging colour graphics
• Reliable results
• Print and display
• ATA Colour standard
• Web safe colours

Lilac
701
233
511
173
Violet
513
141
33
141
Magenta
255
0
255
238
Light Blue
290
191
226
247
Cyan
3245
255
255
0
Blue
266
0
0
255
Dim Blue
647
60
86
110
Beige
465
195
172
130
Amber
1385
216
128
0
Olive
416
141
151
122
Green
Green
375
375
0
0
0
0
255
255
Dark Green
362
48
150
66
White
255
255
255
Black
Black
0
0
0
Gray 70
Black
70
99
99
99
Gray 50
Black
50
149
149
149
Gray 30
Black
30
0
20
0
19
Strategies in Re-purposingGraphics for
Intelligent Delivery

• Business issues
• Standards, goodness, and style
• Delivering efficiency to the customer
• Internal efficiencies
• Engineering interfaces
• Summary

20
An e-Business model
ENGINEERING
SPARES
DIGITAL
dBase
AS MAINTAINED
MOCK UP
AS DELIVERED
M BOM
EBOM
3D VIRTUAL AIRCRAFT PUBLISH SUBSCRIBED ATA
VIEW AS MAINTAINED CONFIGURATION
SPARES
INVENTORIES
WEB BROWSER INTERFACE
ORDERING
FLEET SUPPORT
TRAINING
PUBLICATIONS
TECH SERVICES
PARTS
COURSE SCHEDULES
MANUALS
MAINTENANCE
PARTS
FSR
HOT TIPS
ANIMATIONS
INFO SERVICE
PLANNING
WARRANTY
CUSTOMER RECORD
VIDEOS
SERVICE BULLETINS
ORDERING
ACCOUNT REPS
COURSE ORDERING
ORGANIZATIONS
CUSTOMER SUPPORT
FIREWALL
FIREWALL
FIREWALL
FIREWALL
WORKFLOW TOOLS SUPPORTS
INTRANET
WORKFLOWS
ENGINEERING CONTRACTS SALES

INTRANET AND FLOW TO C.I.C.
FIREWALL
FIREWALL
FIREWALL
FIREWALL
CMM
INVENTORY
LEVELS
3D MODELS
MANUALS
FRACAS
MM
IPC
SPARE PARTS
PARTS
VIDEO
SBS
FAULT
DIAGNOSTIC
ANIMATION
CIMMS
ORDERING
INFO SERVICE
REMOVALS
EMP
INSTALLATIONS
CHAT
INTEGRATED SERVICES
SERVICES
EHUMP
TRAINING
FAQ
MARKETING
HUMP
CUSTOMER INFORMATION CENTRE
PROFILE FILTERING
www.cic.bombardier.com
REMOTE
ENGINEERING
PC
ONBOARD
LAP
INTERNAL
PUBS
CUSTOMERS
PARTNERS
VENDORS
EMPLOYEES
BAGD041001
21
CGM as e-Business enabler
GRAPHIC
ENGINEERING
dBase
DIGITAL
CGM V1-4
Animations
MOCK UP
Multimedia
WEB CGM
Photos
CUSTOMER SUPPORT
MANUFACTURING
LMS
WEB
CGM V1-4
ANALYSIS
MM
SB
WM
IPC
TRAINING MODULES
SITE
Multimedia
PILOT
ORDERING
IETM
MAINTENANCE
Photos
Animations
BASIC STATIC INTERFACE
WEB CGM
REMOTE
INTERNAL
CGM V3
TRAINING
VENDORS
EMPLOYEES
TECH. MANUALS
PROFILE ACCESS
BAGD041201
BAGD041201
22
Navigation by detail and component

• Navigation by detail for interactive delivery
• Navigation by static visual clues by core paper
  delivery
• Details reused in multiple occurrences
• Locator controls navigation relationships

23
Effectivity on the fly

• User login activates profile and aircraft
  effectivity
• Effectivity recorded on XML companion file
• Returns rendering of component based on
  effectivity and size, view parameters
• Parts list and ordering mechanism synchronized
  from companion file to return correct meta data.

24
Variations in Paper and Digital Delivery

• Paper delivery WILL still be required 10 years
  from now
• Intelligent content and paper incompatible
• Regulatory bodies need to synchronise all media
  deliveries
• Concept of core data and extended data

25
Strategies in Re-purposingGraphics for
Intelligent Delivery

• Business issues
• Standards, goodness, and style
• Delivering efficiency to the customer
• Internal efficiencies
• Engineering interfaces
• Summary

26
Graphics Creationnew tools -- old methods

• ATA graphics are primarily visualizations of
  maintenance and operational tasks
• Static depiction of optimal sequence of procedure
• 50 of creation time spent in search of
  engineering drawings/models/change drivers
• Orientation of 3D models and 2D orthographic
  drawings to task-specific view

27
Graphics Creationnew tools -- old methods

• ATA graphics are primarily visualizations of
  maintenance and operational tasks
• Static depiction of optimal sequence of procedure
• 50 of creation time spent in search of
  engineering drawings/models/change drivers
• Orientation of 3D models and 2orthographic
  engineering drawings to task-specific view

28
Graphics Creation (cont)new tools -- old methods

• Extraction of geometry 2D-3D HLR, part metadata
  is typically not captured
• Context is not saved, re-used, must repeat
  process - task configuration (BOM) and
  orientation
• Illustrated components/fragments not reused -no
  where-used of part in (SGML/XML) task instance
• Intelligence in graphic is manually authored
• Customer Support-specific attributes not at source

29
Intelligent Gfx Creation Revision

• Capturing component intelligence from
• Engineering design data CAD/CAM/PDM
• Maintenance View of product structure needed
• subset of complete bill of materials - LRUs
  SSIs
• Geometry (both 2D and 3D where existing) static
  kinematic visualizations
• Transport (via XML) metadata elements used by
  Customer Support
• e.g. part number, material spec, CAGE code,
  service effectivity, interchangeability (1
  2-way)

30
Intelligent Gfx Creation Revision (cont)

• Supplier data
• Supplier Engineering data
• Supplier Product Support (SGML/XML/CGM)
• Legacy illustrations - leverage commonality of
  parts
• 30 for derivative programs
• Automating grobject creation for legacy Gfx
• Using scripts to find patterns (text/fonts/layers)
  
• Revisit CAD conversion process - extract native
  entity attributes, serialize to XML
• Direct linking to source PDM intelligence

31
Opportunities for Efficiency Gains

• Reduction of research activities (50 of current
  efforts)
• Build task-specific views of product structure
  automatically, save as context
• IPC becomes customer support Bill of Material
• Reusing detail views and components
• increases reuse by a factor of 200
• average of 2.5 locator views per sheet
• improves consistency and reliability of data

32
Strategies in Re-purposingGraphics for
Intelligent Delivery

• Business issues
• Standards, goodness and style
• Delivering efficiency to the customer
• Internal efficiencies
• Engineering interfaces
• Summary

33
Engineering SourceGraphic Data Extraction
GRAPHIC\
PUBLISHING
ENGINEERING
dBase
DIGITAL MOCK-UP
dBase
WIRING
DIAGRAM
XML
WIRING
LIST
WIRING
DIAGRAM
XML
WIRING
LIST
WIRING
DIAGRAM
GRAPHIC
XML
XML
STYLEGUIDE
METADATA
WIRING
LIST
AUTO-
EXTRACTION
CGM
CONVERSION
CGM V4
XML
CONTEXT
APPROVAL
FILTERING
WHERE USED
EFFECTIVITY/
CORE
VIEW
PUBLISH
PARSE
REPLICATE
PUBLISH
ANALYSIS
APPLICABILITY
DESIGN
CONTEXT
SUBSCRIBE
(AMTOSS)
CONDITIONS
BAGD0301_001.cdr
34
Interfacing with Engineering

• Managing product change - impact analysis
• Individuals or Customer Support units can set
  change notification rules based on specific ATA
  systems, aircraft zones, approval level, etc...
• Re-Use 3D Graphic Models
• for illustration and/or maintenance task
  simulation
• Customer Support view vs best-so-far
• All aircraft configurations need to be supported,
  not just the most current design

35
Engineering to illustration process - new
illustrations
Close unwanted models
Open models in viewer
Use Configured Digital Mock-up search tools to
find the parts to include in illustration
Analysis Phase
Filter by VIEWS /Work area
Create Axis, eliminate extraneous data
Orient Models to one of 8 isometric views
Orientation Phase
Import CGM v4 into illustration application
Deliver illustration (electronically and on paper)
Extraction Phase
Extract Illustration (CGM v4) or kinematics
Automatically Create Task/Context with parts in
illustration
Product
Part
Document
Part
Part
Part
Standard Part
PC THIN CLIENT
WORK STATION
VPDM System
36
Engineering to illustration process - revising
illustrations
System compares revision with previous
task/context and notifies owner by email
System identifies which tasks/contexts are
affected by the change in near real-time
User receives and acknowledges Email notification
Engineering changes the product
Change Notification
Check illustration(s) using part to see if they
need to be revised
Consult change documents
No
Verification of Applicability
Update illustration?
End
Yes
Revise Illustration
Load task/context
Refresh task/context to display variances
Load models from Context and auto style extract
updated master component or view
Product
Part
Document
Part
Part
Part
Standard Part
PC THIN CLIENT
WORK STATION
VPDM System
37
Developing a Customer Support Bill Of Material

• create as-maintained task-based view (link
  parts to tasks)
• engineering validity vs production effectivity vs
  service effectivity
• unified effectivity model
• operator input - updating in-service
  configuration
• recording part removals and installations

38
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39
Enabling Legacy Engineering Data

• Enhance use of conversions - graphics, plus
• Metadata extraction - XML can facilitate by
• common structured data format
• support for external applications
• provide conversion bridge between CGM, SGML, web
  and engineering systems.

40
Strategies in Re-purposingGraphics for
Intelligent Delivery

• Business issues
• Standards, goodness and style
• Delivering efficiency to the customer
• Internal efficiencies
• Engineering interfaces
• Summary

41
Organizational Change

• Process
• authoring more rigorous
• graphics much more structured
• link resolution needs to be validated
• revision cycle more complex
• create once use many
• Human Issues
• are publications staff equipped and ready for
  change in work process?

42
XMLthe metadata key

• transporting engineering metadata from
  partners/suppliers
• transporting product support metadata from
  partners suppliers
• transporting data between de-coupled departmental
  databases
• Design gt Manufacturing gt Customer Support
• transforming SGML to XML and XSLT for Web
  presentation

43
SGML-XML-WebCGM based IPC
SGML/XML
EDITOR
SUPPLIER
PUBLISHING
ILLUSTRATIONS
GRAPHIC\
TEMPLATES
dBase
CGM v3 2100
dBase
TEMPLATES
ltSHEET GNBRgip1121000_001 SHEETNBR1
XNBRgip1121000_001
INTERNAL
ILLUSTRATIONS
CD-ROM
LIVE LINKING
SGML
CGM v3 2100
STYLESHEETS
V4
IMBEDDED
INTERACTIVE
ON CALLOUTS
PARSE
INTELLIGENT
SHEET 1
SHEET 3
SHEET 2
GRAPHIC
FORMAT
AUTHORING
IMPORT
APPLICATION
PARSE
PUBLISH
WEB
AUTO LINKING
SCRIPTS
CGM/XML
WEB
DOCUMENT
PUBLICATIONS
LINK
META
LINKS
DTD
RESOLUTION
WEB LINKS
DATA
LINK
EXTERNAL
MANAGEMENT
LINKS
PARTS
PARTS
ORDERING
GRAPHIC
LIST
CGM v4
POOL
XML
TRANSFORMATION
PARSE
LINK
RESOLUTION
STYLESHEETS
ENGINEERING
LEGACY
PSD or SAP
PUBLICATIONS
dBase
PAPER
bagd022001_002.cdr
44
Summarythe time is right

• WebCGM as core graphic format
• supplemental formats .avi, .mpeg, .jpeg, .svg
  etc..
• WebCGM can support static paper as well as
  interactive media Web-CD-ROM-DVD
• WebCGM and XML enable essential quality controls
• batch goodness checking possible on structured
  graphics
• XML facilitates metadata linking to graphic
  objects
• XML enables synergy between related standards
• Maintenance Steering Group (MSG-DTD), Component
  Reliability Data Collection (CDRC) Validate, STEP
  Engineering BOM

45
Summary

• Achieve most accurate, up-to-date snapshot of A/C
  configuration in a highly dynamic change
• Design Customer Support authoring/delivery
  systems with regard for end-user needs, provide
  the maintenance and flight crews
• right data
• at the right time
• in the media most appropriate to the task