SBSTA Workshop on National Systems Data Improvements: Canadas Experience

1
SBSTA Workshop on National Systems Data
Improvements Canadas Experience

• Art Jaques
• Greenhouse Gas Division
• Environment Canada
• Bonn, Germany April 13-14 2005

2
Outline of Presentation

• Key Points
• Context
• Data Collection and Improvements- introduction
• Roles and Responsibilities in Canadas Inventory
• Canadian experience with data collection and
  improvements
• Energy
• Industrial Processes
• Agriculture
• Waste    
• LULUCF
• Additional Area

3
Key Points

• Institutional Arrangements are a Pillar for Data
  Collection
• Improvements in quality, comprehensiveness and
  availability of data are the key focus of
  improvements to the Canadian Inventory
• Unique Challenges in Land Use, Land-Use Change
  and Forestry
• New Partnerships to develop estimates
• Good Practice Guidance requirement for
  consistency of land representation, KP
  requirements for spatially referenced reporting
• Availability of consistent data sets (across
  time, space and scales)
• Gap between research and operational methods

4
Context
5
Canadas GHG Emissions Profile
2003 Profile
6
Contribution of Key Source Categoriesto Level
Assessment
7
Contribution of Key Source Categories to Trend
Assessment
8
Data Collection and Improvements introduction
9
Data Collection and Improvements

• FCCC Article 4, KP Article 10 and IPCC Guidelines
  and Good Practice Guidance require ongoing data
  improvements
• Data quality improvement is an integral part of
  national inventory planning and inventory quality
  management cycle
• Goals are to
• Increase the accuracy and quality of inventory,
  activity data and emission factors
• Ensure completeness of inventory
• Refinement of estimation models
• Implementation of GPG
• Strategy begins with assessment of UNFCCC ERT
  reviews and domestic reviews (quality assurance)
• Focus on key categories for the most efficient
  use of resources
• Collection of Meta data also important (on
  methods, assumptions, circumstances, scale of the
  data collected etc.)

10
Data Improvements - Challenges

• Institutional arrangements
• Constitute a pillar to ensure data collection
  needs are met
• Contribute to ensuring consistency, continuity
  and quality in data provision/delivery
• Time and Resource Constraints
• Delegation of Roles Responsibilities
• Quality control on new incoming data
• Temporal and spatial consistency of data sets

11
Institutional Arrangements for Canadas Inventory
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The GHG Inventory Current Roles
Responsibilities
Statistics Canada Energy Other Activity
Data Census of Agriculture
Natural Resources Canada Canadian Forest Service
(CFS) Activity Data
Agriculture Canada Agriculture Research Data Some
Emissions Removals

• (Inventory Agency)
• Determines appropriate methods, EFs and data
  performs QC / QA
• Develops emission/removal estimation methods and
  GHG estimates.
• Prepares, publishes reports National Inventory,
  Fact Sheets, and GHG Indicators
• Develops standards protocols for estimating and
  verifying domestic greenhouse gas emission
  reductions and
• Provides guidance outreach services

• National Greenhouse Gas Inventory
• National Inventory Report (NIR)
• Trends Fact Sheets GHG Indicators
• Reporting Guidance

Consulting Groups Specialty Emissions Expertise
13
Data Improvements - Energy
14
Energy Statistics Strengths Weaknesses

• Annual Report on Energy Supply Demand Key
  Source of Data.
• Strengths
• Captures all energy use including internally
  produced and consumed energy.
• Differentiates between fuels used for industrial
  processes and fuels used for electricity.
• Differentiates between energy products used for
  energy purposes and non-fuel use (e.g. natural
  gas and petroleum coke).
• Provides information for a large number of
  energy commodities at a fine level of detail.
• Weaknesses
• Reliance on information provided by suppliers of
  energy
• Energy consumption data for key sectors such as
  oil and gas
• More industry detail required for key sectors
• Alternative and emerging transportation fuels
• Little provincial energy consumption data

15
Energy Sector - Data Improvements

• Joint Working Groups
• Federal Government (Statistics Canada/Natural
  Resources Canada and Environment Canada)
• Improvement and refinement of energy and fossil
  fuel data by
• Additional Quality Assurances through enhanced
  reviews of national energy balances, and
• reviews of the industrial consumption of energy
  balance
• Providing technical input to the energy surveys
  reporting instruction
• Canadian Industrial Energy End Use Analysis
  Centre
• University Centre of Excellence, Industry and
  Government
• Refinement of non-commercial refinery fuel
  emission factors

16
Energy Sector - Data Improvements

• Canadian Petroleum Products Institute (CPPI)
• Joint study undertaken with CPPI EC/NRCAN
• Refinement and improvement of the data quality,
  the estimation model and emission data for the
  petroleum refining industry
• 1990-2002 GHG Inventory of Emissions
• Inclusion of additional GHG sources to ensure
  completeness (i.e., venting and flaring,
  emissions from off-road mobile sources)
• Reviewed and approved by industry members

17
Energy Sector - Data Improvements

• Aviation Methodology
• Revised method to improve allocation between
  domestic and international
• Incorporates the use of tonne-kilometer activity
  data reported by Canadian airlines both
  domestically and abroad
• Allocates the fuel sold using a comparison of
  passenger traffic.
• Initial assumption that 50 of total
  international tonne-kilometers flown by Canadian
  airlines, subsequently revised to 69.
• Comparison with data generated by external fuel
  consumption models (SAGE USA and AERO2K UK)
  which employ a Flight Path by Aircraft type
  evaluation.
• .

18
Data Improvements Industrial Processes
19
Industrial Processes - Data Improvements

• PFCs and CO2 from Aluminium Production
• Previously plant specific emissions not available
  and estimates derived from national production,
  and national EFs and prorated to plants based on
  capacity
• Aluminium Association of Canada (AAC) provided
  data in 2004 on PFC and CO2 process emissions for
  1990-2003, at plant level.
• Plant production data and documentation provided
  in support of estimates.
• Third party audit reports also provided on GHG
  emission accounting methods and estimates.
• An agreement to secure continuation of voluntary
  data delivery for future years is being
  negotiated.

20
Industrial Processes - Data Improvements

• Consumption of HFCs
• Previously activity data for HFC consumption
  collected through periodic surveys details on
  data use patterns uncertain.
• Estimation model for HFCs emitted from cooling
  and refrigeration systems was not adequately
  addressing the growth in the stock of HFCs as
  held within the existing systems.
• Recent survey undertaken to obtain updated HFC
  activity data
• Estimation model for HFC emissions reviewed and
  modified by industry experts to capture a higher
  rate of replacement of CFCs by HFCs.
• An agreement to secure continuation of voluntary
  data delivery for future years is being
  negotiated.

21
Industrial Processes - Data Improvements

• Inclusion of New Industrial Process Sources
• SF6 activity data from magnesium casters and
  power utilities not previously available.
• Study undertaken in 2004 provided survey data for
  SF6 consumption in the magnesium casting
  industry, for 1990-2003.
• SF6 consumption in the power utility sector was
  estimated based on the quantity of SF6 purchased
  from suppliers for most years and where these
  data were unavailable alternative approaches,
  such as comparisons with imports of SF6 and
  consumption SF6 in other sectors.
• Uncertainties in the estimates were reduced by
  reconciling survey data received from
  distributors of SF6 and data received from
  magnesium casters.
• An agreement to secure continuation of voluntary
  data delivery for future years is being
  negotiated with both casting facilities and the
  Canadian Electricity Association.

22
Data Improvements Agriculture and Waste Sectors
23
Agriculture - Data Improvements

• Recent switch to Tier 2 methods for enteric
  fermentation and CH4 from manure management
  required enhanced data gathering
• University of Guelph and University of Manitoba
  studies (2004)
• Data collection to characterize cattle and other
  animal production practices (productivity,
  performance, feeding, volatile solids)
• Updated distribution of Animal Waste Management
  Systems by animal type
• Collection tool expert surveys and consultations
  in each region with cattle specialists, industry
  associations, researchers.

24
Waste - Data Improvements

• CH4 Emissions from Solid Waste Disposal on Land
• Landfill per capita disposal rate not updated
  since 1994
• Waste model parameters (CH4 generation rate
  constant k) and CH4 generation potential Lo) also
  require updating to reflect wide ranging
  conditions across the country.
• Studies underway to move towards a statistical
  basis for waste disposal data collection rather
  than extrapolated values from waste generation
  rates.
• Study to be initiated this year to examine waste
  model parameters (methane generation rate
  constant k) and methane generation potential Lo)
• Landfill sites owners and operators are being
  asked to provide annual landfill gas capture
  data.

25
Data Improvements Land Use, Land-Use Change
and Forestry
26
Monitoring, Accounting and Reporting System
(MARS) for LULUCF Steering Committee
Canadian Forest Service
Agriculture Canada
Environment Canada
Agriculture Working Group
Forestry Working Group
Earth Science Sector -NRCan
Statistics Canada
Land Use, Land- Use Change Working-Group
Canadian Wildlife Service- EC
Canadian Space Agency
27
LULUCF Data and Model Improvements (Forests)

• Forest Inventory CanFi, provincial inventories,
  new National Forest Inventory
• Growth and Yield information (including from
  provincial and corporate sources)
• Disturbance data (fires, insects outbreaks,
  harvesting...)
• National Afforestation Inventory
• Into CBM-CFS3

28
LULUCF Data and Model Improvements (Cropland
and Grasslands)

• Census of Agriculture as basis
• Targeted surveys (tillage data, farm management
  practices...)
• Satellite imagery 22 agriculture stack sites
  being put in place for complete enumeration (rule
  setting and uncertainty analysis)
• Into Century Model ? emission factors

29
LULUCF Data Improvements(Land Use and Land-Use
Change)

• Large number of widely diverse, inconsistent and
  incomplete data sets, either planned or existing
• Inventories Forest, Census of Ag
• Earth Observation data Forest 2000, Ag stack
  sites, limited deforestation
• Large effort needed for data integration in
  spatially consistent LU and LUC datasets
• Trends toward greater role of EO-based
  measurements
• Gaps to fill settlements, wetlands, northern
  lands

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LULUCF Challenges and Limitations

• GPG requirement for consistency of land
  representation, KP requirements for spatially
  referenced reporting
• Size of country, diversity of ecozones and LU/LUC
  patterns
• Data reconciliation (across time, space and
  scales)
• Gap between research and operational methods
  (models, remote sensing)
• Complexity of multi-partner initiatives

31
Data Improvements Additional Areas
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Mandatory GHG Reporting from Large Facilities

• On March 13, 2004, the Minister of the
  Environment, on behalf of the government of
  Canada, announced Phase 1 of the GHG reporting
  system in the Canada Gazette
• requires reporting of 2004 GHG emissions by June
  1, 2005
• targets largest emitters - reporting threshold of
  100 kilotonnes annually
• captures all 6 GHGs (CO2, CH4, N2O, HFCs, PFCs,
  SF6)
• national coverage at the facility level
• data will be published by facility, except where
  confidential
• Phase 2, to be in place by 2007, will
• Collect more information, other than GHG
  emissions, such as energy and fuel use
• Prescribe standard methods for calculating GHG
  emissions
• Lower threshold for reporting which would
  increase coverage of emitters
• Ultimate System will increase precision of
  national inventory support compliance with
  reduction targets