INTRODUCING FLOW: THE NEW BLOCKCHAIN FOR OPEN WORLDS

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Introducing Flow The Blockchain For Open
Worlds

• Blockchain technology is the biggest thing to
  happen to the internet since the invention of the
  iPhone. It has reshaped how we interact with
  digital worlds.
• After launching CryptoKitties in 2017, the Dapper
  team was involved in testing and evaluating
  different approaches to solve the problem of
  scalability. Dapper Labs announced the
  development of Flow, a new blockchain that has
  been built to enable decentralized applications
  at scale. Flow is a fast, developer-friendly
  blockchain developed for supporting the entire
  ecosystem of the games, digital assets, and apps
  that power them.

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The Need For a New Blockchain

• The scaling plan of every decentralized
  blockchain is based on some kind of sharding or
  side chains. The team at Dapper Labs earlier
  recognized that interactivity between smart
  contracts is more complex and error-prone due to
  these approaches.

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• Though sharding may be a suitable solution for
  payments, it may not be good for an ecosystem of
  complex applications like social networks or
  games. The Flow blockchain by Dapper Labs is a
  result of two years of research. Flow is a
  blockchain design that can meet the expectations
  of mainstream developers and consumers without
  compromising decentralization or sharding the
  network.

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• Sharding refers to database partitioning done to
  separate large databases into easily manageable,
  faster, and smaller parts known as data shards.
  The term shard means a small part of a whole.
  Sharding is the synonym used for horizontal
  partitioning. The governing concept of sharding
  is that as the number of transactions made per
  unit of time and the size of the database
  increase linearly, the response time for querying
  the database increases exponentially.

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A Brief About Dapper Labs

• Dapper Labs is a technology company that develops
  CryptoKitties, a consumer blockchain application.
  CryptoKitties is a game on the Ethereum
  blockchain that allows you to acquire, breed, and
  sell virtual cats, sometimes even for serious
  cash. Dapper Labs operates on the mission of
  making the world more open and trustworthy by
  introducing consumers to blockchain technology
  through fun and games.

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What Makes Flow Unique?

• In a traditional blockchain, each node stores the
  entire state that comprises of smart contract
  code, account balances, etc. and performs all the
  tasks involved in processing every transaction in
  the chain. Flow has a pipelined architecture that
  segregates the jobs carried out by a single node
  across five different types of nodes.

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• This significantly improves efficiency and
  reduces redundant effort. For supporting this
  approach, the Flow team developed a cryptographic
  technique to address the Verifiers Dilemma known
  as Specialized Proofs of Confidential Knowledge
  (SPoCKs).

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• SPoCKs, the new cryptographic technique developed
  by the Flow team, allows an unlimited number of
  provers to demonstrate to a third-party observer
  that each of them has access to the same
  confidential knowledge. These proofs are
  non-interactive and will not leak any information
  regarding confidential knowledge. The SPoCK of
  every prover is specialized to them, and it
  cannot be forged or copied by any other prover.

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• Flow rethinks many design choices for improving
  usability for both developers and customers,
  including human-readable security and upgradable
  smart contracts. The protocol is secured using
  HotStuff. It is a Proof of Stake consensus
  algorithm developed by VMWare research. This
  results in a single shared state for all smart
  contracts ensuring that every transaction has
  full ACID guarantees. ACID stands for Atomicity,
  Consistency, Isolation, and Durability.

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• This approach allows developers to safely and
  easily build above each others code, thereby
  creating new products and services at an
  accelerating pace. This is referred to as
  composability. Just like open-source software,
  composability enables developers to innovate
  faster, thus leading to more consumer choice.

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• Flow is built for open ecosystems, and once Flow
  goes live, it will allow consumers to access
  assets and applications easily. Flow will enable
  players to use the Dapper Wallet to take
  CryptoKitties into applications on Flow, thus
  benefiting from a new universe of games and other
  apps that will emerge.

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What Can You Built Using Flow?

• It is a dependable platform for applications that
  provides entirely new benefits and features to
  users. Some of the experiences that can be
  powered by Flow are
• Artists or bands making use of crypto
  tokens for giving the millions of fans
  opportunities to show their fandom.

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• Platforms for sports enthusiasts across
  the globe to trade authentic, verified,
  limited-edition memorabilia in real-time.
• Games that reward players for adding
  value and enable assets and identities for users
  to take across infinite open environments
• Entertainment legends such as Warner Music Group
  and Ubisoft and high growth innovators like
  Animoca Brands and crypto game developers such as
  Sandbox and Delta Time are involved in the flow
  project.

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Proof of Stake Mechanism for the Flow
Blockchain

• Dapper Labs has introduced the flow blockchain
  using the Proof of Stake mechanism. Flow is being
  developed to process high volumes of data without
  compromising on the speed. There are five nodes
  in the network, and the work is divided among
  them. As a result, everybody ranging from both
  home computers to data centres can help build the
  network.

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• The flow blockchain applies decentralized
  participation where it allows a wide range of
  participants to commit to a series of financial
  and technical commitments. This gives rise to
  five different roles, such as collection,
  consensus, execution, verification, and
  observation. Flow differentiates the consensus
  mechanism from the computing mechanism. As
  mentioned by Dapper Labs, performance increases
  with a factor 56.

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Let us now discuss the five type of nodes

• Consensus and Verification Nodes
• These nodes are the foundation of security in the
  Flow network. They hold the rest of the network
  accountable for malicious behaviour or errors
  with crypto-economic incentives and penalties.
  The roles of the consensus and verification nodes
  can be streamlined even by individuals with
  consumer-grade hardware running on home internet
  connections, to allow high levels of
  participation.

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Observation Nodes

• These connect the blockchain with the outside
  world. These nodes do not directly participate in
  the transaction flow through the network. They
  exist for providing cryptographic proofs of
  transaction outcomes. Client software works with
  observation nodes to provide users with a view of
  the network that is secure and accurate. There is
  no need for the clients to keep up with the
  torrent of traffic flowing through the network.

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Collection and Execution Nodes

• These nodes give the network its scale. All the
  actions delegated to these nodes are fully
  deterministic. The Flow is designed in such a
  manner that even a single, honest node can find,
  punish, and trigger recovery from invalid data
  that is introduced by dishonest nodes.

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Conclusion

• Dapper Labs plan to launch Flow in 2020 at the
  right time to support several of the companys
  large-scale music, computer-facing entertainment,
  and gaming projects in the works.
• If you aim to pursue a career in blockchain and
  want to know more about blockchain
  certifications, check out Blockchain Council.

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Blockchain Council Certifications

• You can check out our certifications, and kick
  start your career in the Blockchain space today.
• Certified Blockchain Expert
• Certified Blockchain Developer
• Certified Smart Contract Developer
• Certified Solidity Developer
• Certified Ethereum Developer

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