Renewable Energy AND Youth Employment

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• Renewable Energy AND Youth Employment
• By
• Prof. M.N. Reddy
• Chairman
• Swamy Ramananda Tirtha Rural Institute
• Jalalpur(V), Pochampally(M), Nalgonda
  District-508284
• Andhra Pradesh, India

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Energy

• Energy, Economy Environment are the three
  inter-related areas having direct correlation for
  development of any nation. Per capita energy
  consumption is an index for development of any
  Nation.
• Per capita energy consumption in our country is
  about 400 units which is very low compared to per
  capita consumption of developed nations which is
  about 8000 units.
• Power generation with conventional sources has
  certain limitations and also associated with
  environmental problems.

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Disadvantages Limitations Of Conventional Energy

• Resources are limited and may not be able to meet
  the increase future demand
• Emission of Green house gasses from thermal
  power stations
• Submersion of low lying areas in Hydel power
• Consumption of fossil fuels towards
  transportation of raw material i.e. coal for
  thermal power stations
• Centralised power generation results in high
  losses in transmission distribution
• De-forestation will have adverse effect on
  climate change

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Resources and Technologies of Renewable Energy

• Solar
• Wind
• Biomass
• Small Hydro
• Waste to Energy Municipal Solid / Liquid Waste,
  Industrial Waste
• Bio Diesel
• OTEC (Ocean Thermal Energy)
• Wave Energy
• Geo-thermal energy
• Fuel Cell Technologies

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Advantages of Renewable Energy Technologies

• Resources are everlasting
• No environmental concern problems
• Modular in nature
• No T D losses
• Tailor made power generation system to cater to
  customer needs

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Solar Energy

• Sun radiates 180 billion MW of energy over the
  earth per day.
• The three exclusive technologies for utilising
  solar energy are-
• Solar photovoltaic technology
• Solar Thermal technology
• Solar Passive architecture

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Solar Photovoltaic

• This technology facilitates in converting the
  solar energy into electrical energy and is being
  used for applications like
• Lighting

Solar Lanterns
Solar Street Lights
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• Solar lanterns offer best alternative to kerosene
  lamps, gas lamps and conventional emergency
  lights.
• Portable, light and suitable for use in both
  indoor and outdoor applications
• Solar Lanterns provide opportunity to rural youth
  for establishing centralised charging system to
  charge set of lanterns and lease them on daily
  rental basis. They can also establish sales and
  service centres.

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• Water pumping

• Solar Pumps are useful for agriculture,
  horticulture and drinking water purpose.
• They can draw water from open wells, bore wells
  and streams.
• These systems functions during clear sunny days
  without any battery back-up.

Solar Water Pump System
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• A 1 Hp/ 2 Hp surface mounted pump can give yield
  of 70,000/ 140000 ltrs per day at 10 meters total
  head.
• The SPV submersible pump of different capacities
  are also available. The capacity ranges from 300
  W upto 1800 W SPV array attached with DC/ AC
  submersible pumps for lifting from varying
  depths. This are suitable for horticulture farms
  with drip irrigation. These pumps are also used
  for drinking water applications
• There is an employment potential basically in the
  after-sales service and maintenance of these
  systems.

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• communication systems
• Remote area villages electrification
• Telecom applications
• Traffic signalling
• Railway signalling systems etc.

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Solar Energy Functional Block Diagram
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Solar Energy Stand Alone AC System
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Solar thermal technology

• The process involves utilising heat energy
  from solar radiation for heating, cooking, drying
  applications and power generation etc.
• Solar water heating system

Flat Plate Solar Water Heating System
Vaccum Tube Solar Water Heating System
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• Solar flat plate collector model water heating
  systems consists of solar panels having
  collectors which have selective coated fins to
  absorb heat from solar radiation and transmitting
  same to water passing through the copper tubes
  attached to the fins. 
• The water so heated is stored in an insulated
  tank making it possible to get hot water all 24
  hours.
• These systems are available in capacities of 100
  Litres per day (LPD) and in multiples of hundred
  to any capacity.
• Are ideal to replace geysers in domestic and
  commercial sector i.e hotels, nursing homes,
  hostels etc., and also in industries as boiler
  feed water for pre- heating.
•  The manufacturing, installation and after sales
  service of these systems provide good opportunity
  for youth employment.

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TYPES OF SOLAR COOKERS

• Solar cooking system

• BOX TYPE SOLAR COOKER
• DISH TYPE SOLAR COOKER (SK-14)
• COMMUNITY SOLAR COOKER FOR INDOOR COOKING
  (SCHEFFLER)
• SOLAR STEAM COOKING

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a) BOX TYPE

• Solar Box Type cookers are suitable for small
  sized families and designed in various models
  with two, three or four cooking vessels.
• The food is cooked at lower temperatures ranging
  from 1100 to 1400 C preserving the nutritious
  value.

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• No personal attention required during the cooking
  process. After cooking is completed it acts like
  hot-box keeping the food warm.
• Depending on number of vessels coking can be made
  at 3-4 items at once.
• Introducing such cookers in a large scale can
  contribute to conservation of fire wood,
  kerosene, LPG etc., .. resulting in better
  environment and employment generation for youth,
  who can be involved in marketing and after sales
  service.
•  

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• b) Prababolic Dish Type

• In Parabolic Solar Cookers the solar rays are
  concentrated on the cooking vessel, which is
  painted black, and placed at the focal point
  of the parabolic dish. Due to higher
  temperature, cooking is faster than in box cooker
  and frying etc, is possible.

• Different sizes of these models are available to
  suit the customer requirements. Such cookers can
  also help in reducing the crisis of conventional
  fuels. These can be used for income generation by
  catering the needs of small communities for
  cooking purpose at village and small town levels.
  They can replace kerosene stoves normally being
  used by road side vendors.

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c) Community Cookers This model facilitates
coking food for 50 people. The cooking can be
inside the kitchen. This systems can be installed
in residential schools, canteens etc.

• Solar Community Cookers are ideal for hostels,
  hospitals, hotels, mid-day meal programs for
  schools and hostels etc. One Solar dish system
  can cook for 40-- 50 people.

It enables cooking comforts in the kitchen. All
items can be cooked including frying, baking
etc.,
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• The system has automatic sun tracking mechanism
  and thus needs to be started only once in
  morning------- whole day the dish moves along
  with the sun just like sun flower.
• One dish can conserve approx 50-100 kg wood per
  day.
• After Completion of Training
• Youth can be involved in marketing and
  undertaking installation job.
• They can also take Annual Maintainance
  Contract(AMC)
• or
• Operation and Maintenance Contract (OM ) for the
  same.

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d) Solar Steam Cooking
For cooking food to 500 and above persons, solar
steam cooking with back-up from conventional
boiler system can be installed. We have the
worlds largest Solar Steam Cooking system with a
capacity to cook 30000 meals every day, which is
functioning at Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams
Nityannadanam scheme.
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• Solar Steam Cooking offers a solution when food
  for more than 500 people needs to be cooked.
• It is ideal for large community cooking and not
  only does it save fuel and environment but also
  makes cooking convenient and quick in cooking. 
• The system is integrated with back-up boiler and
  thus cooking can be continued even during
  non-sunshine hours ------ like early
  morning------ late evening and------ on cloudy
  days.
• The system can be fabricated locally by imparting
  training to the entrepreneur, who can employ
  local youth for fabrication, installation and
  maintenance work.
•  

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• Solar Drying System

• This is one of the best technologies suitable
  for creating rural employment.
• DEHYDRATION PROCESS HELPS IN PRESERVATION OF
  FRUITS, VEGETABLES BY REDUCING THE MOISTURE
  CONTENT AND IMPROVING THE SHELF LIFE UP TO 6 TO
  10 MONTHS PERIOD.

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• Preparation of fruit bars i.e. mango bar, mixed
  fruit bars, drying of edible forest produce are
  best suitable applications in rural areas for
  reducing wastage and income generation to the
  rural people by gaining value addition.
• Solar Drying in industrial sector is also
  developed for conservation of fossil fuels,
  electrical energy and also reduces the cost of
  processing. Tea leaves drying, Tobacco drying
  etc. are few applications in industrial sector.
• Cabinet type Solar Dryers are ideal for drying of
  spices, fruits, vegetables and medicinal
  products.
• Dryers are available in sizes ranging from 8 kgs
  to 50 Kgs capacity. Solar Dryers are an ideal
  system for getting value addition to the items
  dried in it. The drying process is hygienic and
  the dried product will also be of better quality
  compared to open sun drying.

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• These systems can create self employment for
  rural youth as the produce can be marketed with
  value addition at local levels and has good
  export potential to urban areas and abroad. Some
  youth can become entrepreneurs and can employ
  local youth for collection, processing, packing,
  marketing etc.,
• SWAMY RAMANANDA TIRTHA RURAL INSTITUTE HAS
  ESTABLISHED A TRAINING-CUM PRODUCTION CENTRE
  AT ITS TRANFER OF TECHNOLOGY L A B TO L A N D
  ., BY INSTALLING 4-SOLAR DRYERS AS A PART OF
  CURRICULUM
• SO THAT TRAINEES CAN GAIN FIRST HAND KNOWLEDGE ON
  ENTERPRENURAL SKILLS FOR STARTING THEIR OWN UNITS

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Solar Water Heating Systems

• Hot water is required for various applications
  like
• Bathing
• Washing
• Cooking
• Boiler feed water for industrial application etc.
• In Hospitals and Nursing Homes for sterilisation
  etc.,

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• Solar Water Heating Systems
• Installation of SWHS in all sectors i.e.
  residential, institutions, commercial, industries
  etc. will benefit.
• Uses
• After the pay back period of investment on solar
  hot water which is around 2 to 2 ½ years, at zero
  energy cost is available for 17 to 18 years more.
• Uninterrupted hot water supply for 24 hours
  without any waiting time.
• National
• Conservation of electrical energy and other
  fossil fuels.
• Reduction in environment pollution.
• Improving the productivity by diverting the
  energy conserved for industrial and agriculture
  sector.

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Solar Passive Architecture

• This technology is applied in building
  construction activities. Depending on the
  climate zones solar passive architecture features
  are incorporated in the building design. This
  will help in conservation of conventional energy
  sources up to 30. Green Business Centre
  constructed by CII Godrej at Hyderabad, Andhra
  Pradesh has got platinum rating from G.B.C.,
  U.S.A.

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Bio-energy Bio-gas improved smokeless wood
burning stoves are two important schemes being
promoted by Ministry of Non-conventional Energy
Sources, New Delhi in rural areas for
conservation of the fossil fuels i.e. Firewood,
kerosene, L.P.G etc. Bio-gas Two models of
bio-gas plants are being constructed. Low cost
Deenabandu model for individual
families Floating drum model bio-gas plant for
community and institutional purposes. The main
raw material used for producing Methane gas in
this bio-gas plant is animal waste (Dung).
Bio-gas plants with kitchen waste and human
excretion are also developed and also in use.
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DEENABADHU MODEL BIOGAS PLANT
Biogas plants of family size, community /
institutional capacities are available. Methane
gas produced in the biogas plant can be used
primarily for cooking, lighting and running IC
Engine to generate power or for mechanical
application like water pumping running flourmill
etc.
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The Biogas plants can be constructed in rural
areas for individual families who own sufficient
number of cattle. The slurry which comes as
by-product from bio gas plant is rich in Nitrogen
content than raw dung which is used as fertiliser
in agriculture farms. Construction of bio-gas
plant needs services of skilled masons and
unskilled workers. Manufacturing of bio-gas
stove and other auxiliary equipment used in the
system needs manufacturing facilities. These
activities help in generating employment for
skilled and unskilled youth and also developing
entrepreneurs who are engaged as specialised
agencies in implementing the schemes.
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Improved smokeless wood burning stoves

• These models help in improving the thermal
  efficiency of wood burning stoves and also help
  in creating smoke free kitchen. They will also
  help in reducing the consumption of fire-wood and
  also, helping the children and women from eye and
  lung diseases caused due to smoke.

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Energy Efficient Wood Burning Devices
Conventional wood burning stove is less efficient
thus consumes more fire wood and also emits lot
of smoke creating unhygienic environment in the
kitchen. Women and children are getting effected
with eye and lung disease due to this smoke.
Improved wood burning stoves are more efficient
and consumes less fire wood and also do not emits
very less or no smoke.
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There are portable and fixed type models. The
fixed type model improved wood burning stoves
are constructed by trained workers (who could be
local youth both men and women). The employment
potential in construction and distribution is the
largest. The portable models can be fabricated in
local workshops.
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Grid interactive power generation from Renewable
Energy Sources in India

• Estimated potential
• Wind - 45,000 M.W.
• Biomass - 52,000 M.W.
• Co-generation - 5,000 M.W.
• Mini Hydel - 15,000 M.W.
• Municipal / Industrial waste - 5,000 M.W.
• -------------------
• 1,22,000 M.W.
• -------------------

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EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNIES Swamy Ramananda Tirtha
Rural Institute has established Solar Energy labs
for training the rural unemployed youth under YES
Campaign with the assistance of UNIDO in Feb.2005
and trained about 1080 candidates. both boys and
girls. In addition to the candidates from Andhra
Pradesh State, the training programme also
attracted the students from other states of India
like Meghalaya, Tripura, Nagaland and
Chattisghad. The students trained by our
Institute are employed by       
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Some are recruited by manufacturers of solar
systems in Andhra Pradesh and Bangalore,
India.   Some of them are recruited for marketing
the Solar Equipment.   Some of them are recruited
for hands-on experience and permanent employment
in solar panel manufacturing industries in Andhra
Pradesh.   Some are working as entrepreneurs in
maintaining the already existing solar energy
systems.
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EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES
IN RENEWABLE ENERGY SECTOR
Manufacturing
Marketing , Retail sales Outlets/ Aditya shops
Training Demonstration
Consultancy services viz. surveys, system
design etc
Maintenance of systems
R D Activity designing new systems
Establishment of Renewable Energy Power Plants
Implementation of projects at field level
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Specific areas for YES concern in developing
countries

• Creation of smoke free village with solar
  cookers, Bio gas plants.
• Remote area village electrification.
• Replacement of kerosene lamps with SPV lanterns.
• Solar drying technology for food processing
  edible forest produce.
• Training of youth in R.E technologies in
  installation, servicing, providing after sales
  service.
• Conducting awareness programs

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• The Earth, The Water and the Air, not a gift
  to us from our parents but a loan for our
  children
• An old Indian Saying

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THANK YOU