Industrial Design

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Industrial Design

• Chapter 9

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Industrial Design is

• Service of creating developing concepts and
  specifications that optimize the function, value,
  and appearance of products and systems for the
  mutual benefit of the user and manufacturer.

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Work also includes

• User-centered ergonomics
• Improving manufacturing methods
• Client image considerations, including
  advertising and layout
• Standards setting verification
• Normal professional responsibilities

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Involved Professions

• Marketing experts appeal, value
• Design engineers layout, improv.
• Biomedical engineers usefulness, usability
• Human factors experts - safety
• Manufacturing engineers - mfgability
• Service personnel complaints, ease
• Returns - complaints

Lots of people involved!
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Industrial Design Steps

• Set usability goals
• Provide quantitative basis
• for acceptance testing
• Objective or subjective
• Typically 50 goals, combination objective and
  subjective
• Examples
• Anesthetist will rate alarm control/reset
  controls as 5 or better on a scale of 1-7
• Machine will be calibrated and ready to go in 30
  seconds or less

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Industrial Design Steps (ctd.)

• Design user interface concepts
• Develop conceptual model
• Develop user interface structure
• Define interaction style
• Develop screen template
• Develop hardware layout
• Develop a screenplay
• Develop a refined design
• Develop final design

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Industrial Design Steps (ctd.)

• Model the user interface
• Build a prototype to evaluate dynamics of user
  interface
• Software, hardware, mockup
• Test user interface
• At start of development effort
• When prototype is developed
• When marketing claims may be displayed
• Conferences, office, lunchroom

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Specifying the User Interface

• Style guide
• Screen hierarchy map
• Screenplay
• Specification prototype
• Hardware layouts

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Additional Industrial Design Considerations

• Consistency and simplicity
• Safety
• Environmental/
• Organizational Considerations

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Documentation-Not only for Human Factors!

• Written to meet needs of various target
  populations
• Study capability and information needs of
  documentation users
• Mental abilities
• Physical abilities
• Previous experience
• Understanding of general operation
• Special needs of environment

Attempt to avoid this!
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Alarms and Signals

• Purpose is to draw attention of operator
• 3 categories
• High priority immediate response required
• Red flashing light
• Medium priority prompt response required
• Yellow flashing light
• Low priority awareness required
• Steady yellow light
• Audible signal when not in line of sight

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Displays

• Visual displays should clearly indicate system
  status
• Graphic displays should be used when perception
  of pattern of variation is important
• Numeric displays should be sued when quantitative
  accuracy is important
• Displays should be consistent

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Interactive Control

• System response times should be consistent with
  operational requirements
• Control-display relationships should be
  straightforward and explicit
• Menu selection for interactive controls

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Feedback and Error Management/ Data Protection

• Present status, information, confirmation, and
  verification throughout the interaction
• Standby should be accompanied by WAIT message
• Feedback should be self-explanatory
• Easy methods of correcting errors

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Think about

• Your limits in designing a new device, such as
  an anesthesia machine. Where would you need
  help?

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