CASTLES IN THE MIDDLE AGES

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CASTLES IN THE MIDDLE AGES

• Key Question How and why did the design of
  castles change in the Middle Ages?

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Motte and Bailey

W H Y ?

• Used by the Normans after the Battle of Hastings.
  

• Quick and easy to build William needed to
  control England.

Could be attacked and burned easily. Many went
rotten.
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Shell Keep

• Replaced the wooden fence around the Bailey with
  stone.
• Stronger and safer - would not burn or rot away.
• Houses inside could be hit by rocks thrown over
  the walls.

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Stone Keep

• Provided a place to shelter from attack that had
  a roof.
• Living space and defences were combined in one
  building.
• Keeps were a strong last line of defence when in
  retreat.
• They were still not completely safe only one
  building.

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Concentric Castles

• Built by Edward I after he had conquered Wales.
• Planned to give brilliant defence from all
  angles.
• Two walls in case one was climbed by the enemy.
• An enormous gatehouse defended the entrance.
• Sneaky attackers could get inside but not very
  often!!

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Siege Strategies
Battering Ram
Mangonel
Scaling Tower
Mining
How were these devices used to attack a castle?
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Defence strategies
How many methods of defence can you see?
Drawbridge
Portcullis
Moat
Gate house
Embrasures
Defence platform
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Inside a Stone Keep
What would life have been like living inside a
stone keep?
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In summary..
From this
To this..
In just over 200 years. ..WHY???