Design Patterns in Ubiquitous Computing

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Design Patterns
UbiComp Patterns
Evaluations
Design Patterns in Ubiquitous Computing
Eric Chung Jason I. Hong Jimmy Lin James A. Landay
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Introduction to Design Patterns
Design Patterns
UbiComp Patterns
Evaluations

• Patterns are developed to communicate common
  problems and solutions for designers in a
  discipline
• First introduced by Christopher Alexander and his
  colleagues in the field of architecture

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Beer Hall Example
Design Patterns
UbiComp Patterns
Evaluations

• Problem
• Where can peoplesing and drink, andshout and
  drink,and let go of their sorrows?
• Solution
• Somewhere in the community at least one big place
  where a few hundred people can gather, with beer
  and wine, music, and perhaps a half-dozen
  activities, so that people are continuously
  crisscrossing from one to another.

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Design Patterns for Ubiquitous Computing
Design Patterns
UbiComp Patterns
Evaluations

• Help designers create higher-quality designs
  faster by developing a pattern language for
  UbiComp
• Difficult to identify patterns because many
  design issues are still active areas of research
• Difficult because certain problems do not have
  common solutions (have to resort to predictive
  patterns rather than descriptive)

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Identifying Patterns
Design Patterns
UbiComp Patterns
Evaluations

• We developed a criteria for identifying patterns
• Pattern should have at least one example in
  research and one example in industry
• A list of over 60 UbiComp patterns have been
  identified
• Patterns are grouped into several important
  UbiComp themes (e.g., privacy)
• A taxonomy of UbiComp applications is also
  important to consider

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Chart of UbiComp Patterns
Design Patterns
UbiComp Patterns
Evaluations
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Chart of UbiComp Patterns
Design Patterns
UbiComp Patterns
Evaluations
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Applying Patterns
Design Patterns
UbiComp Patterns
Evaluations

• Exercise Apply patterns to In/Out Board

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Applying Patterns
Design Patterns
UbiComp Patterns
Evaluations

• Exercise Apply patterns to In/Out Board
• Identify some relevant themes and their patterns
• Privacy Appropriate Scope of Locality, Partial
  Identification (might only show first names),
  Choice, Access, Appropriate Retention Time
• Identification Active Badge, Smart Floor
• Global Data Active Map

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Evaluating the Patterns
Design Patterns
UbiComp Patterns
Evaluations

• Perform an experiment
• Conditions create two groups, one with patterns,
  one without
• Task 1 ask the groups to evaluate an existing
  design
• Task 2 ask the groups to prototype a lo-fi
  UbiComp app
• Independent judges rate the quality of designs
• Identify shared language used
• Questionnaire on usefulness of patterns

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Take-Away Ideas
Design Patterns
UbiComp Patterns
Evaluations

• Goal identify design patterns for UbiComp in
  order to help designers form higher-quality
  designs faster and to develop a shared language
• Design patterns for UbiComp are categorized at
  varying levels of abstraction underneath a set of
  main themes
• Design patterns should be evaluated rigorously
• The community is welcome to submit patterns to
  http//kettle.cs.berkeley.edu/ubicomp

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• Thanks!
• Any questions or comments?
• http//kettle.cs.berkeley.edu/ubicomp

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What does a pattern look like?
Design Patterns
UbiComp Patterns
Evaluations

• Design patterns typically range from 3-5 pages
  and provide general but descriptive methods for
  solving a particular problem
• A sensitizing image is useful for easy
  identification of the pattern
• Problems encountered may never be solved in an
  exact way and therefore design patterns are never
  too specific
• A Background suggests how the pattern is useful
  and how it can be combined with other patterns
• The Problem statement identifies a recurring
  problem in the discipline
• The Solution statement identifies the common
  solutions and provides details, suggestions, and
  tradeoffs

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Patterns in other Disciplines
Design Patterns
UbiComp Patterns
Evaluations

• In the mid-1990s, patterns became popularized in
  other disciplines such as Software Engineering,
  Web Site Design, and UI Design.
• Design of Sites, Douglas K. van Duyne, James A.
  Landay, Jason I. Hong
• Design Patterns, Erich Gamma, Richard Helm, Ralph
  Johnson, John Vlissides

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UbiComp Genres
Design Patterns
UbiComp Patterns
Evaluations

• Most UbiComp applications can be classified under
  the following application genres
• Business (i.e. ParcTab)
• Care and Maintenance (i.e. Context-Aware Clinics)
• Collaboration (i.e. BlueBoard)
• Education (i.e. Classroom 2000)
• Emergency Response (i.e. Siren)
• Fieldwork (i.e. FieldNote)
• Guides (i.e. CyberGuide)
• Laboratory (i.e. PlantCare)
• Memory Aids (i.e. Personal Audio Loop)
• Smart Homes (i.e. Georgia Techs Aware Home)
• Smart Vehicles (i.e. Context-Aware GM)