Rural Connectivity

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Rural Connectivity

• Aditya Varma (03d05018)
• Mayank Singhal (03005025)

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Drawbacks of conventional systems

• Cost of copper wire networks
• Traffic expectancy of 0.1 E per subscriber is not
  suitable for internet
• Analog modem to modem links do not provide a
  reliable, medium speed connection in rural areas
• Access through a telephone line dedicates the
  entire line which is used only in bursts

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Technologies for Rural Connectivity

• Cellular Technologies which are adapted to
  rural environment to cover sparsely populated
  users.
• Terrestrial Wireless Tech. such as Wi-Fi and
  WiMAX are considered most suited to provide
  connectivity to remote communities.
• Satellite Systems are suited to large sized
  developing countries.

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GSM 400 for Rural Telecommunication

• The use of frequencies in the 400 MHz band,
  rather than the 900/1800 MHz bands, enables a
  wider area to be covered by each base station.
• Wide area coverage is better suited to low
  density rural populations spread over a wide
  area.
• Tri-band GSM 400/900/1800 handsets commercially
  available.

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Wi-Fi and WiMAX

• Wi-Fi is a cheap and easy way of providing local
  connectivity at high speed.
• The bandwidth and reach of WiMAX make it suitable
  for connecting Wi-Fi hotspots with each other and
  to other parts of the Internet.

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VoWiFi

• Voice over Wireless Fidelity simply means a Wi-Fi
  based VoIP service.
• The advantages of using VoWiFi, is that you can
  easily pick up network signals or hotspots for
  free and hence is extremely cost effective.

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Very Small Aperture Terminals(VSATs)

• VSAT is a small earth station to communicate with
  a satellite .
• VSAT is an economical solution for rural
  connectivity.
• Can be used for low-end applications such as
  rural telephony.

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Why Wireless Technologies for Rural Connectivity ?

• Easy Installation - easy and speedy installation
  in harsh terrain and extremely remote areas.
• Simpler to relocate no additional cost of
  rewiring.
• Small initial investment.
• Simpler to add in a device to the system.
• Low maintenance cost.

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corDECT

• corDect is a wireless access system developed by
  IIT,Madras , Midas Communication Technologies,
  and Analog Communications , USA.
• It provides voice telephony services and 35/70
  kbps internet services with a wireless interface
  that supports a 10km line of sight connectivity.

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Architecture of corDECT
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DECT

• Frequency Spectrum limitation . Requirement of
  Spectral Efficiency , dynamic channel selection.
• corDECT uses DECT The Digital Enhanced Cordless
  Telecommunication standard to make possible low
  cost terminals , high subscriber density and
  wireline quality voice telephony.
• RF band 1880 1900 Mhz operates at 10
  frequencies with 1.728 Mhz spacing
• Employs a version of TDMA with 24 slots 12 each
  for uplink and downlink

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DECT

• Total of 120 channels given this generous
  signaling capacity DECT is able to employ a very
  sophisticated channel selection procedure namely
  Dynamic Channel Allocation
• The subscriber end devices (Wallsets) can choose
  the quietest/strongest channel . Due to the
  pooled resource the Erlang capacity goes up and
  the air interface adapts better to statistical
  changes in traffic.
• Channels can be reused based on instant situation
  and reuse distance can be very small based on the
  signal to -interference ratio.

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Components of CorDECT

• Wallset (Subscriber equipment) two ports to
  connect telephone and PC. Wireless connection via
  a CBS to a DIU.
• Compact Base Station the radio interface , two
  antennas and a LOS range of 10 km.
• DECT Interface Unit separation of internet and
  voice data , implements the functions of a switch
  .
• Relay Base Station , Base Station Distributor

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Advances and deployment

• N- logue communications has set up several kiosks
  in western and southern states. Assists L.S.Ps in
  setting up.
• VoIP , always on intenet access , high speed
  downloading and multiple subscribers per wallset
  are the future goals.

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DakNet

• DakNet is a MIT Media Lab project that has been
  deployed in Cambodia and India
• It is an ad hoc network that uses wireless
  technology and existing communications and
  transportation infrastructure to distribute
  digital connectivity.
• Relaying data is expensive DakNet uses short
  point to point links between kiosks and portable
  storage points

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DakNet

• Sustainable Access for Rural India study in TN -
  emphasis should be on affordability and basic
  interactivity .
• Study Details
• 50 of rural mail will convert to email
• Preference for asynchronous commn.
• Voice over email , email , scan mail
• Successfully being used in the Bhoomi initiative
  in Karnataka to service land record requests.

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Challenges to Rural Connectivity

• Lack of sensitization on the use and benefits of
  ICT in rural areas.
• Most rural areas dont have the infrastructure to
  support cheap and good connectivity.
• Poor internet access.
• Availability of power is also a challenge.

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References

• http//www.ecomlink.org/Default.htm
• http//www.selfseo.com/story-11432.php
• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WIMAX
• http//www.ugabytes.org/index/pdf/Options20for20
  rural20connectivity.pdf
• DakNet Rethinking connectivity in developing
  Nations
• Alex Pentland MIT Media Laboratory
• Richard Fletcher, Amir Hassan First Mile
  Solutions
• CorDECT Midas Communication Technologies Pvt
  Ltd
• http//www.n-logue.com