Dont Trash Paper

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• Dont Trash Paper

Fran McPoland Washington Representative Paper
Recycling Coalition
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Paper collection supports most recycling
programs.
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• The Paper recycling infrastructure is enormous,
  but at the same time - fragile.
• Industry and municipalities have invested
  hundreds of millions of dollars in capital
  improvements over the past ten years.
• Paper recovery has increased by 128 since 1987
• More paper is recovered than all other materials
  combined

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Paper Recovered For Recycling Versus Paper Sent
to Landfills
Million tons
Recovered
Landfilled
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• Over the past twenty years there has been a
  significant increase in the domestic utilization
  Rate of recovered fiber.
• 38 of the paper industrys raw material is
  recovered fiber
• However, there has been an enormous surge in US
  exports of the raw material we need to operate.

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Recovered Paper Export Growth 1999-2006
Million Short Tons
94 of the growth accounted for by China
Source U.S. Census Bureau
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U.S. Recovered Paper Exports To China
Million short tons
Source U.S. Census Bureau
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The Changing Dynamics of Paper Recycling

• Is Single Stream the solution to our need for
  more fiber?

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• THE BIG MYTHS
• OR ARE THEY?

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• Who Really Benefits from Single Stream?

• Municipalities?
• Lower costs of operation?
• More material diverted from the waste stream?

• Waste Haulers?
• Lower Costs of Operation?

• Mills?
• More material available for recycling?

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Relative Amount of Collected Materials Based on
Collection Method, Frequency of Pick-Up and Size
of Container
This data is based on the study Dont Stop
Recycling A Comparative Analysis of Applied
Recycling Collection Methods in Saint Paul
conducted by Eureka Recycling for the Saint Paul
Neighborhood Energy Consortium
Annual Tons Collected
COLLECTION METHODS
30,000 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 0
Two-Stream Commingled
Two-Stream Commingled
Two-Stream Commingled
Single-Stream
64 Gallon Cart Bi-weekly
18-Gallon Bins Weekly
18 Gallon Bins Bi-weekly
2-35 Gallon Carts Bi-weekly
Size of Containers
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Amount of Materials Lost Based on Collection
Method
Percent of Materials Lost
27.2
Single Stream
This data is based on the study Dont Stop
Recycling A Comparative Analysis of Applied
Recycling Collection Methods in Saint Paul
conducted by Eureka Recycling for the Saint Paul
Neighborhood Energy Consortium
Two-Stream Commingled
1.6
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• So, in fact, less material may be available for
  recycling within domestic recycling programs.

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• Best Practices Manual Guide
• http//www.conservatree.org/learn/SolidWaste/bestp
  ractices.shtml

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What Are The Best Practices for Single Stream
Collection Programs?What is it that we are
trying to do?Establish your goal.

• Recover valuable resources
• Provide manufacturing feedstocks
• Achieve Highest and Best Use
• Make sure changes work for the whole recycling
  system

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Types of Single Stream Programs

• Fully automated carts, semi-automated carts,
  manual bins or totes
• Collect only paper and containers
• Collect paper only
• Do not collect glass
• Collect glass separately
• Collect additional material types

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• Do we really want to have King Midas in reverse?
• Turning perfectly good recyclable materials back
  into garbage.

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Cost Difference Single Stream vs. Dual Stream

• Collection - saves 10-20/ton
• Processing - increases 5-15/ton
• Paper Production - increases 5- 13/ton
• Average systemwide - increases 3/ton
• Source American Forest Paper Assn./Jaakko
  Poyry/ SERA 2004

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AT INDIVIDUAL PAPER MILLS

• The yield loss at pulper has increased 8X
• 2 million/year to replace non-fiber materials
  received in paper
• 4 times increase in annual maintenance costs to
  repair damage
• Problems vary by type of paper mill

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Best Practice

• Collection
• is not the same as
• Recycling
• Recycling includes processing
• and making new products!

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Best Practice

• Diversion
• is not the same as
• Recycling
• Recycling includes making new products from the
  recovered materials!

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Paper Mill ContaminantsCan, Glass and Plastic
Industry Loss
REMEMBER THE COST TO THE PAPER MILL!
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Program ElementsEstablish Your Goals

• Request the services that achieve the program
  goals
• Consult with recycled product manufacturers
• Get the best price for the services requested
• Dont put savings before performance
• No one is going to put your local police in
  the Ford Focus dont let them do that to your
  recycling collection program either.

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• Require processors to get feedback about
  materials quality from the manufacturers who buy
  your recyclables, and share it with your program

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Best Practice

• Make sure processing system can take apart what
  collection put together
• Ensure that marketed materials meet manufacturers
  specifications ISRI Specs
• Produce quality feedstock materials to maximize
  revenues

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Contracting

• Specify the services you want to receive
• Specify what happens if it is not done right?
• Offer incentives as rewards for cleaner
  recyclables

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Reporting

• To track how well the program is working
• To know whether the program goals are being
  reached

WHAT GETS MEASURED GETS DONE!
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LETS NOT FORGET WHAT THIS IS ALL ABOUT