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Chronic Bronchitis

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The inflammation of CB eventually causes scarring of the bronchial tube lining. ... 8,643,000 physician visits a year for chronic bronchitis. Stats Continued ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Chronic Bronchitis


1
Chronic Bronchitis
  • By Kyle T. Pankau
  • November 3, 2006

2
What is Chronic Bronchitis
  • Chronic Bronchitis is an inflammation of the
    airways, called bronchial tubes, in the lungs.
  • When these airways are irritated thick mucus
    forms in them.
  • This mucus clogs the airways, making it very
    difficult for the lungs to receive air.
  • Coughing dislodges the sputum (mucus), which does
    not occur with emphysema or asthma.

3
Progression
  • The inflammation of CB eventually causes scarring
    of the bronchial tube lining.
  • Excessive amounts of mucus will be constantly
    produced if the tubes have been irritated for a
    long period of time.
  • Air flow becomes vulnerable because the tubes
    lining become very thick and causes an irritating
    cough to develop.
  • This is when the lungs begin to scar.
  • The bronchial tubes then become an ideal place
    for bacterial infections to breed. This impedes
    airflow.

4
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5
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6
Acute vs. Chronic
  • A virus usually causes acute bronchitis, and it
    only lasts as long as the body takes to fight it
    off.
  • The main difference is that with acute
    bronchitis, your bodys immune system will
    eventually fight it off along with rest.
  • Chronic Bronchitis is more permanent and can not
    be cured with just medicine and rest.

7
Statistics of Chronic Bronchitis
  • COPD is the 4th leading cause of death in America
    with Chronic Bronchitis is one of the leading
    manifestations of COPD.
  • Prevalence- 12.1 million Americans
  • Prevalence rate- 1in 22 or 4.45
  • Out of the 11.4 million with COPD, 9.4 million
    have chronic bronchitis
  • 9.1 million of non-institutionalized adults had
    chronic bronchitis in the U.S. in 2002.
  • 8,643,000 physician visits a year for chronic
    bronchitis

8
Stats Continued
  • Women are 2 times more likely to be diagnosed
    with Chronic Bronchitis than men.
  • Women are more likely to be chain smokers
  • Men are less likely to go see a doctor
  • Out of the 8.6 million Americans estimated for
    chronic bronchitis, 5.8 million are females, 2.8
    million are males.
  • All though Chronic Bronchitis can affect all
    ages, it is higher in those over the age of 45.

9
What causes bronchitis?
  • Smoking
  • Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
  • Second hand smoke
  • Lung Cancer
  • Heart Disease
  • Underlying medical conditions

10
What are the symptoms of chronic bronchitis?
  • Persistent cough
  • Productive cough
  • Cough with sputum
  • Persistent winter cough that disappears in the
    summer.
  • Excessive airway mucus secretion.
  • Breathlessness at rest and exertion
  • Cyanosis
  • Mild fever
  • Mild chest pain
  • Clubbed fingers
  • Episodes of acute bronchitis

11
Chronic Bronchitis Complications
  • Acute bronchitis
  • Pneumonia
  • Cor pulmonale
  • Emphysema
  • Respiratory failure
  • Cardiac arrhythmia

12
Diagnosis
  • If a cough producing mucus last for more than 3
    months of a the year for two consecutive years.
  • Also if there is no underlying disease to explain
    the reason for the mucus cough.

13
Test performed to diagnose chronic bronchitis
  • Pulmonary Function Test
  • Blood tests
  • Chest radiograph
  • Electrocardiogram
  • Sputum cultures

14
What treatments are there for chronic bronchitis?
  • If smoking, quit.
  • Inhalers
  • Healthy diet
  • Avoid dust
  • Anti-inflammatory
  • Anti-cholinergic agents
  • Medications
  • Bronchodilators
  • Antibiotics
  • Physiotherapy
  • Oxygen

15
Exercise Response Article
  • Systemic arterial pressure was lower during the
    second exercise session. This was associated with
    lung function and blood gasses at rest and during
    exercise.
  • Patients with PaO2 lower than 65 mm Hg showed a
    larger increase in systemic arterial pressure
    during the first exercise session and a smaller
    increase in the second session than others.
  • Cardiac output was similar in the first and
    second exercise sessions, as well as pulmonary
    vascular resistance.
  • The larger increase could be caused by a
    vasoconstrictor effect of hypoxemia of the
    functional residue capacity increase.

16
Exercise
  • Regular exercise can help prevent the onset of
    chronic bronchitis.
  • Focus on aerobic activity, such as swimming and
    running. This will help increase lung capacity
    and strengthen the cardiovascular system.
  • Should be low to moderate intensity depending on
    the severity of the disorder.
  • Short to long durations of exercise may vary
    depending on the severity.

17
Exercise Continued
  • Upper body exercises that are recommended for
    pulmonary patients are
  • Rowing ergometer
  • Dumbbells
  • Machines
  • Elastic bands
  • The frequency and duration should be 3 to 5 days
    a week for about 30 minutes.

18
Safe Places to Workout
  • Try not to work out in dusty or allergy irritant
    areas
  • When running stay away from grass fields and high
    car traffic areas.
  • The most appropriate place to work out is
    indoors.
  • While indoors stay away from chemical areas and
    places with irritant odors.

19
Other Precautions to Consider
  • Due to the obstructed air flow, any form of
    exertion may cause breathlessness.
  • Normal physical activity can cause wheezing and
    shortness of breath.
  • Patients cannot usually reach the same peak heart
    rate as those healthy individuals of the same
    age.
  • Also, in some patients, oxygen is required if
    severity of the symptoms are high enough.

20
  • Questions?

21
Sources
  • http//wrongdiagnosis.com/c/chronic_bronchitis/sta
    ts.htm
  • http//www.aafp.org/afp/980515ap/heath.html
  • http//health.allrefer.com/health/cor-pulmonale-in
    fo.html
  • http//familydoctor.org/280.xml3
  • http//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd
    RetrievedbPubMedlist_uids1862256doptAbstract
  • http//www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1189/is
    _2_272/ai_59584857
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