Greece

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Greece
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Geography

• Mountains
• 80 mountains
• Isolated city states
• Little farm land
• Lack of central government
• Diversity of culture

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Geography

• Sea
• 3,000 islands
• Used for travel
• Extensive sea trading
• Raw Materials
• Finished goods
• Excellent sailors
• cartography

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Geography

• Farmland
• 20 arable
• Dependent on trade
• Small surpluses led to small populations
• Climate
• Moderate
• 40 F Winter
• 80 F Summer
• Easier to work/live
• Steady weather patterns

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Early History

• Mycenaean civilization
• First dominate culture
• (400 )years
• Settled from Asia
• Wealthy traders
• Swallowed the Minoans
• Trojan War
• Mycenaean v. Trojans
• Helen
• Greeks won united Greeks

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City-States

• City-states or polis- basic political unit
• 50-500 square miles of territory
• Usually fewer than 20,000 people
• Acropolis- fortified hilltop to conduct business

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Types of Governments

• Monarchy
• Kings
• Oligarchy
• Small group of elites
• Tyranny
• Dictator
• Democracy
• Citizens vote on impt. decisions

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Important Greeks

• Pericles
• Leader of Athens for 32 years
• 3 Goals
• Strengthen democracy
• Build the Empire
• Glorify Athens

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Pericles Goals

• Strengthen Democracy
• Increase number of paid public officials.
• Public positions before were unpaid
• Direct Democracy- citizens voted on all important
  decisions

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Pericles Goals Build Empire

• Built a 200 ship navy
• Protected colonies and trade routes

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Pericles GoalsGlorifying Athens

• Bought lots of gold, ivory, and marble to create
  art
• Hired artists to create
• Built Parthenon

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Parthenon

• Measured at the top step, the dimensions of the
  base of the Parthenon are 228.0 x 101.4 ft.
• The ceiling was 97.8 x 63.0 ft, with internal
  Doric colonnades in two tiers, structurally
  necessary to support the roof.
• On the exterior, the Doric columns measure 6.2 ft
  in diameter and are 34.1 ft high. The corner
  columns are slightly larger in diameter.
• The Parthenon had 46 outer pillars and 19 inner
  pillars in total.

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Philosophers

• Socrates
• Used questions and answers to teach
• Knowledge is good ignorance is evil
• Plato
• Studied with Socrates
• Created The Academy
• Wrote The Republic

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Philosophers contd

• Aristotle
• Studied with Socrates
• Invented methods for logic
• Tutored Alexander

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Major Battles

• Battle of Marathon
• Persian attack Athens
• 6,400 Persians died
• 192 Athenians
• Athens Wins sends runner to Athens- 26.2 miles
• Battle of Thermopylae
• 300 based on
• Athens defeat Persians at sea
• Delian League forms

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Major Battles contd

• Peloponnesian War
• Battle b/t Athens and Sparta
• Athens loses after 9 years of fighting
• Alexanders attack on Persians
• Outnumbered
• Ran at the king fled and quit

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Alexander

• Alexander
• King of Macedonia _at_ 20
• Father conquered Greece
• Sought to conquer the world
• Built one of the largest empires in the world
• Persia, Egypt, Afghanistan, and parts of India

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Alexander

• Fought for 11 years
• Marched more than 11,000 miles
• Died at 32
• Blended Greek, Persian, and Egyptian cultures

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Greek Culture

• Art
• sought to blend balance, proportion, and order
• Faces showed only serenity
• Drama
• Invented Theatre
• Tragedy and comedy
• Epic Poems
• Odyssey
• Iliad

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Science Technology

• Advanced Astronomy
• One placed the Sun at the center
• Most disagreed
• Eratosthenes
• Correctly calculated earths circumference
• Math
• Geometry
• Pi
• Simple machines