Power On

1
Power On

• CIS 145, Microcomputer System Servicing
• Central Oregon Community College
• Kelvin Kempfer

2
Outline

• Ware Oh Ware
• Give it the Boot
• Start your Engines
• The Wizard of OS

3
Ware Oh Ware

• Three types of Ware
• Hardware
• Software
• Firmware

4
Ware Oh Ware

• Three types of Ware
• Hardware
• Physical components that make up a microcomputer,
  monitor, printer and so on.

5
Ware Oh Ware

• Three types of Ware
• Software
• A serious of instructions, in the form of binary,
  loaded in the computers memory that instructs
  the computer in how to accomplish a problem or
  task.

6
Ware Oh Ware

• Three types of Ware
• Firmware
• Software contained in a read-only memory (ROM)
  device.

7
Give it the Boot

• Two methods used to Reboot a system unit
• Hard Boot
• Turning on the power with the on/off switch
• Also known as the cold boot
• Soft Boot
• Uses the operating system to reboot

8
Give it the Boot

• Hard Boot
• Stressful on equipment
• Power surge
• Pause after shutdown
• Consider using the reset switch
• Starts the boot process at an earlier point as
  compared to OS reboot
• Used as last resort in the Windows environment

9
Give it the Boot

• Soft Boot
• Uses the operating system to reboot
• Crtl, Alt and Delete (DOS and Windows 2000)
• Windows
• Start
• Shutdown
• Select Restart
• OK

10
Start your engines

• Turn it on
• Use your ears
• Fan motors
• Use your eyes
• Power LEDs (Light Emitting Diodes)
• Use your nose
• If you smell escaped smoke, it would be a good
  idea to discontinue the process

11
Start your engines

• When the power is first turned on, the system
  clock begins to generate clock pulses
• The CPU begins working and initializes itself
• Resetting its internal values
• CPU looks for first instruction in BIOS
• Memory address FFFF0h
• First instruction in the ROM BIOS startup program
• Runs the POST test

12
Start your engines

• Startup BIOS (Basic Input/Output System)
• POST (Power-on Self Test). This test operates
  when ever any PC is turned on
• Consults the CMOS
• Checks the primary components of the system unit
• RAM, CPU, motherboard support circuitry, major
  peripherals
• Discovers hard problems
• Detected errors are fatal errors because the
  system will stop the boot process

13
Start your engines

• Detected POST Errors
• Audio codes
• Onscreen messages
• Hexadecimal numeric codes sent to an I/O port
  address
• POST card

14
Start your engines

• Audio codes

15
Start your engines

• On screen messages
• 100 series System Board
• 200 series RAM
• 300 series Keyboard
• 500 series Video controller
• 600 series Floppy driver

16
Start your engines

• A single
• Beep
• signifies a successful POST
• (Some systems, such as Compaqs, do not do this)

17
Start your engines

• System resources are assigned to devices
• IRQ (Interrupt Request)
• I/O addresses
• DMA (Direct Memory Access)
• Checks the DMA controller
• Checks the interrupt controller
• CMOS setup is run if requested
• BIOS begins its search for an OS

18
The Wizard of OS

• Boot Sequence
• A CMOS Setting
• Determines the order of secondary storage
  locations the CPU will use to search for the boot
  sector.

19
The Wizard of OS

• Minimum Requirements
• A small program at the very beginning of the disk
  called the master boot program that is needed to
  locate the beginning of the OS on the drive
• A table that contains a map to the logical drives
  on the hard drive.
• This table is called the partition table

20
The Wizard of OS

• Minimum Requirements (continued)
• The OS boot record that loads the first program
  file of the OS
• For DOS, that program is IO.SYS
• MSDOS.SYS is next followed by
• COMMAND.COM
• Prompt