History of PE Sport and Society

1
History of PE (Sport and Society)

• Pre Industrial Britain, The Era of Popular
  Recreation.

2
Learning Objectives

• To understand the way people spent their leisure
  time before the industrial revolution
• To be able to relate how sport of pre-industrial
  Britain reflected the society of the time.
• To be able to give examples of popular
  recreations.
• Detailed knowledge of 3 games (football, cricket,
  tennis) and 3 individual activities (athletics,
  rowing, swimming).

3

• Popular Recreation Pre Industrial Britain
• Not much information about the nature of sport
  and recreation before medieval times.
• 1086 -1400 Medieval time
• 1400 1750 - Middle ages.
• 1750 1836 - Industrialisation
• 1837 1901 - Victorian
• 1901 1910 - Edwardian.
• 1911 present day - Modern Britain.
• We can pick up the development of sport during
  middle ages where we find the roots of many of
  our modern sports, which were played by the
  peasants in their villages.
• Task One - Do you know the 9 characteristics of
  popular recreation?

4
Local
Rural
Occasional
Natural/ Simple
Simple rules/limited codification
Key features POPULAR RECREATION
Cruel/ Violent
Courtly/ Popular
Occupational
Wagering
Popular recreation reflected the society of the
time which was harsh and agrarian in nature.
5

• S Simple rules
• C Courtly/popular
• O - Occupational
• W - Wagering
• L - Local
• C Cruel/violent
• O Occasional
• R Rural
• N Natural/simple

Just remember the ridiculous anagram SCOWL
CORN Or maybe develop one of your own!!
6

• The activities undertaken by most of the
  population up until the late 19th century were
  influenced by social and cultural factors
• Task Two
• Why were there only a few very simple rules for
  the sports of this time?
• Illiterate peasant population.
• Why did sport only take part locally?
• Limited travel and communications.
• Why did people take part in violent/cruel sports?
• Was a reflection of society at the time.
• Why did the peasants have limited leisure time?
• Long working week so recreations played on
  Festivals and Holy Days.

7
Classifying popular recreation activities

• Popular recreation can be classified into
  different categories.
• Individual Activities
• Games Activities
• Sports Festivals
• You need to be aware 6 sports within these
  categories.

8
Bathing/Swimming

• Towns built on Rivers WHY?
• Supply of goods by boat Survival
• Natural playground, Recreation/Health
• Mode of transport, Survival
• Place to wash Health
• As important to learn to swim as it was to run!!
• Aristocracy believed bathing was part of there
  CHIVALRIC CODE. Sometimes sponsor lower classes
  swimmers who may later become swimming masters
• Riverside land was ideal for sports and pastimes
  WHY?
• Flat land,
• No crops (fear of flooding and wiping them out)
• No trees,
• Frozen rivers may provide opportunities for frost
  fairs

Link Bathing with Recreation, Health and Survival.
9
Rowing

• Functional activity vital for fishing, warfare,
  travel and commerce.
• Ferrymen Huge demand when bridges were few are
  far between.
• Most famous rowing race of pre industrial Britain
  was?
• Doggett Coat and Badge Race.
• Task Three
• How does rowing fit into our characteristics of
• popular recreation?
• Rowing was probably the best example of an
  
• occupation that became a recreation.

10
Development of Sports Festivals - Athletics

• Very occasional wakes, annual religious
  occasions.
• A range of different events such as wrestling,
  gurning, shin kicking, grinning contests and
  whistling matches.
• Cotswold Olympick Games,Chipping Campden,
• Gloucestershire.

Violent, Few rules, Wagering, Local, Natural,
Occasional!!
11
Development of Sports Festivals - Athletics

• The Much Wenlock Games emerged from a rural
  sports festival. Dr Penny Brookes added more
  refined forms of athletics from 1850.
• Pedestrianism Forerunner to athletics.
• Task Four
• How does Athletics fit the model
• of Popular Recreation?
• Task Five
• Interpret what you see in the picture
• relating it to what you know about
• popular recreation?

12
Football

• Task Six
• Identify 5 characteristics of mob football and
  explain how each characteristic was a reflection
  of Pre-industrial society? (5 Marks)
• Localised Communications, free time,
• income limited.
• Limited rules Low literacy, minimal
  communication
• Violent Harsh society,
• Festival Held on Religious days,
• Lower Class Two class society,
• Rural Most lived in villages/small towns,
• Occasional Limited time,
• Wagering Desire to go from rags to riches
• As a rowdy, violent, locally coded, occasional
  encounter between neighbouring villages, mob
  football is without doubt the best example of a
  popular recreation.

13
Violent
Local Variations
Few rules
Played on occasional days
Key features Mob Games
Lower class males
Unlimited number of players
Whole village participation
Limited equipment/ facilities
14
Real Tennis

• Real or Royal Tennis originated in France and
  became popular in Britain from as early as the
  14th Century.
• Various other types of Tennis copied
• by the lower class.
• Racquets Rags to Riches
• Fleet Street Prison
• Public Schools/Universities

15
Complex rules
Free time
Non violent
Key features REAL TENNIS
Upper Class
High levels of skill
Purpose built facilities
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Be prepared to compare two popular recreations!
WHAT?
Mob Football
WHEN?
Real Tennis
WHY?
WHO?
WHERE?
17
Cricket 3 Key Elements

• 1. Bat and Ball Inn Hambledon.
• Game was encouraged and developed from 1750s
  outside the Inn on Broadhalfpenny Down.
• Marylebone Cricket Club MCC
• Gentlemen who formalised the game in 1744 formed
  the MCC in 1788. MCC became the main club in
  England. Hambledon CC declined as MCC employed
  their players as coaches!
• The William Clarke XI Localised sport to
  national success.
• The patronage by the gentry declined and
  cricketers went off to university and public
  schools while others joined touring sides like
  William Clarke XI from 1840s onwards.

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Task SevenIdentify four characteristics of
Popular Recreation and explain how they describe
early Cricket? (4 marks)Describe 3 ways in
which Cricket did not follow the characteristics
of Popular Recreation? (3 marks)
19
Popular Recreation Anagram!! SCOWL CORN

• S Simple Rules
• C Cruel/Violent
• O Occasional
• W Wagering
• L Local
• C Courtly/Popular
• O Occupational
• R Rural
• N Natural

20
Exam Questions

• Name one sport that has developed about of a
  functional need? (1 mark)
• Name 6 characteristics of popular recreation? (6
  marks)
• Why was bathing popular in the 1800s? (3
  marks)
• Why was Real Tennis such an exclusive sport in
  pre-industrial Britain?
• (4 marks)
• What games, based on the courtly game of real
  tennis, were adapted by the lower
  classes? (3 marks)
• What do the following words mean? (3 marks)
• Courtly Spartan Patron
• To what extent did swimming show the
  characteristics of popular recreation?
• (3 marks)