Implications of Designing SeeThrough Interfaces

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Implications of Designing See-Through Interfaces

• 8 October 2002
• Shannon Tucker
• Humans, Computers, and Cognition

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See-Through Displays

• Primary Objective
• Develop interfaces that better support attention
  and maintain the fluency of work

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See-Through Displays inAugmented Reality
Applications

• Additional Objectives
• Eliminate the gaps between the computer world and
  the real world objects
• Provide users with flexible access to information
  in new environments

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Applications

• Traditional (Computer Monitors, LCD, etc)
• Personal
• Industrial
• Medical
• Military

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Applications

• Head Mounted Displays (HMD)(Including
  Optical,Video, and Retinal)
• Personal
• Industrial
• Medical
• Military
• Collaborative Workspace

http//www.personaldisplay.com/f_whatis.html http
//www.mvis.com/ http//www.sciam.com/techbiz/0402f
einer.html
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Applications

• Heads Up Displays (HUD)
• Automotive
• Military
• Medical

http//www.mvis.com/ http//www.af.mil/photos/imag
es/001722a.jpg
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Visual Interference

• Transparency
• Reduced Transparency Level ? Degraded Performance

Harrison, Beverly L., Kurtenbach, Gordon,
Vicente, Kim J. An Experimental Evaluation of
Transparent User Interface Tools and Information
Content. UIST 95. Pp.81-90
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Visual Interference

• Similar foreground and background patterns create
  increased visual interference

Harrison, Beverly L., and Vicente, Kim J. An
Experiemental Evalutation of Transparent menu
usage. Conference Proceedings on Human Factors
in Computing Systems. (1996) 391-398.
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Depth of Focus

• Head Mounted and Heads Up Displays are
  constructed with a fixed focal distance from the
  user
• Interference is decreasedwhen real-world
  imageryand virtual imagery are at different
  focal lengths
• Designers must considerspecific use when
  designing menus and information displays

Laramee, Robert S., Ware, Colin. Rivalry and
Interference with a Head-Mounted Display. ACM
Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction, Vol.
9, No. 3, September 2002, Pages 238-251.
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Placement of Virtual Information

• Improve task performance
• Relate to the task goal and demands
• Reduce interference/interruption from tools
  needed to attain task goals

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Placement of Virtual Information

• Real-world interaction and device type impose
  strict rules on the placement of virtual
  information
• HMD
• Angles of more than 10 degrees off center are
  uncomfortable to hold for long periods of time
• HUD
• 8 degrees below the line of sight is optimal for
  vehicle use

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Interface Imposed Stress

• HMD Binocular Rivalry
• Occurs when each eye is presented with a
  different image
• Can cause periods of monocular dominance
• Is not consciously controllable
• Is unpredictable
• Can cause users to close eyes
• Introducing an interrupt returns the suppressed
  eye to dominance

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Simulated Binocular Rivalry
Orientation
Spatial Frequency
Motion
Color
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Tunnel Vision and Stress

• Consideration of individual applications is vital
• Dealing with Tunnel Vision in varied applications
  should be consistent with the type of use
• User interrupt rules still apply in applications
  that include see-through displays
• Visual interrupts should also consider the
  purpose of the application
• Chart Junk
• How does its presence affect user
  performance/stress

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Interaction

• New interface is more complex than previous
  methods of information retrieval
• Users require additional training to make
  effective use of information presented in
  see-through displays
• Connection between displayed information and
  input devices should be carefully planned in
  respect to the desired application

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QUESTIONS
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Websites

• How Augmented Reality Will Workhttp//www.howstuf
  fworks.com/augmented-reality.htm
•  
• Augmented Reality A New Way of
  Seeinghttp//www.sciam.com/techbiz/0402feiner.htm
  l
• Heads Up Displayhttp//www.af.mil/photos/images/0
  01722a.jpg
•  
• Microvision Productshttp//www.mvis.com/products.
  htm 
• Mobile Personal Display. October 2002. Cy-Visor.
  http//www.personaldisplay.com/f_whatis.html
• Sonic Flashlighthttp//www.stetten.com/george/rtt
  r/

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Periodical References

• Billinghurst, Mark, and Kato, Hirokazu.
  Collaborative Augmented Reality. Communications
  of the ACM. 45.7 (July 2002) 64-70.
• Elvins, T. Todd. Augmented reality The
  Futures So Bright, I Gotta Wear (See-Through)
  Shades. ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics. 32.1
  (1998) 11-13.
• Harrison, Beverly L., Gordon Kurtenbach, and
  Kim J. Vicente. An Experimental Evaluation of
  Transparent User Interface Tools and Information
  Content. Proceedings of the 8th annual ACM
  symposium on User interface and software
  technology. (December 1995) 81-90.
• Harrison, Beverly L., and Vicente, Kim J. An
  Experiemental Evalutation of Transparent menu
  usage. Conference Proceedings on Human Factors
  in Computing Systems. (1996) 391-398.
• Human Factors Aspects of Using Head Up Displays
  in Automobiles A Review of the Literature. US
  Department of Transportation, August 1995.
• Laramee, Robert S., and Ware, Colin. Rivalry and
  interference with a head-mounted display. ACM
  Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction
  (TOCHI) 9.3 (September 2002) 238-251.
• Rekimoto, Jun, and Nagao Katashi. The World
  through the Computer Computer Augmented
  Interaction with Real World Environments.
  Proceedings of the 8th annual ACM symposium on
  User interface and software technology. (December
  1995) 29-36.
• Selker, Ted, Winslow Burleson, and Ernesto
  Arroyo. E-windshield a study of using.
  Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in
  Computer Systems. (2002) 508-509.
•  

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Video

• Nomad. Video. Microvisionhttp//www.mvis.com/vid_
  nmd_testim_index.htm
• SIGGRAPH 2002 Emerging Technologies Media
  Previewhttp//www.siggraph.org/s2002/conference/e
  tech/index.html
•  

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Glossary (1 of 2)

• Binocular Rivalry A phenomenon occurring when
  two eyes are presented with different imagery
  causing the stimuli to compete with each other
  instead of combine. This can result in a
  fragmented mixture of the two eyes views.
• Cognitive Capture refers to the inefficient
  attentional switching. This can result in missed
  targets, delayed responses, and longer switch
  times from HUD and HMD to external imagery than
  vice versa.
• Depth of Focus - The dioptric range of focus
  errors over which performance is not
  significantly degraded.
• Divided Attention An Attention allocation
  strategy in which the observer attends and
  responds to two or more inputs that are active
  simultaneously.

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Glossary (2 of 2)

• Eye Dominance the preferred eye.
• Human Interrupt Signal An alert designed to
  draw a attention to a change in status
• Selective Attention An Attention allocation
  strategy in which the observer attends and
  responds to some inputs while ignoring others
  presented simultaneously
• Useful Field of View Defines the size of the
  region from which we can rapidly take in
  information
• Visual Interference when two images are not
  clearly distinguishable from each other
•