Airstream mechanism

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Airstream mechanism

• Airstream mechanism The manner in which an
  airstream is set in motion for the purposes of
  speech.
• Airstream mechanisms may produce egressive
  (outward) or ingressive (inward) airflow.

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Airstream Mechanism
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Pulmonic Airstream MechanismPlosives

• Stops that use only an outward-moving pulmonic
  airstream are called plosives.
• GAE uses only an egressive pulmonic airstream.
• All oral stops in English are plosives
• This is not true for all languages!

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Airstream Mechanisms
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Glottalic Airstream MechanismEjectives

• Ejective ? A stop made with an egressive
  glottalic airstream, such as in Quechuan

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Glottalic Airstream MechanismEjectives

• Lakhota

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Glottalic Airstream MechanismEjectives

• Languages with Ejective Sounds
• Hausa
• Quechua
• Lakhota
• Navajo
• Kekchi

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Airstream Mechanisms
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Glottalic Airstream MechanismImplosives

• Implosive ? A stop made with an ingressive
  glottalic airstream, such as Sindhi /?/.

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From Cosmos
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Glottalic Airstream MechanismImplosives

• Another Sindhi Example

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Glottalic Airstream MechanismImplosives

• Languages with Implosive Sounds
• Sindhi
• Igbo

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Airstream Mechanisms
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Velaric Airstream MechanismClicks

• Click ? A stop made with an egressive velaric
  airstream, such as in Nama

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Velaric Airstream MechanismClicks

• !Xhosa

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Velaric Airstream MechanismClicks

• Languages with Clicks
• Nama
• !Xhosa
• Zulu

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Airstream Mechanism - Examples
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Tone Languages

• Chinese is a tone language, in which the meaning
  of a word is affected by the pitch.

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Mandarin Chinese
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Cantonese Chinese
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(Phonemic) Tone

• Languages with tone
• Mandarin Chinese
• Cantonese
• Thai
• Hausa
• Yoruba

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States of the glottis

• Breathy voice (murmur)
• Creaky voice (laryngealized)

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Breathy Voice Examples

• Gujarati

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Creaky/Laryngealized Voice

• Hausa