1. SETTING ST

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1. SETTING (ST)

• The time and place of action of a story

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2. CHARACTER SKETCH (NF)

• A shorter piece of literature that highlights a
  certain personality trait

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3. PROTAGONIST (CH)

• The central character or hero in a narrative or
  drama. The person whose conflict sets the plot in
  motion.

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4. ANTAGONIST (CH)

• The principal character, force, or obstacle in
  opposition to the protagonist of a narrative or
  drama

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5. STATIC CHARACTER (CH)

• A main character who remains the same as the
  plot unfolds

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6. DYNAMIC CHARACTER (CH)

• A main character who undergoes changes as the
  plot unfolds

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7. FLAT CHARACTER (CH)

• Characters who are described more simply than
  others

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8. ROUND CHARACTER (CH)

• A character whose many personality traits are
  revealed by the author

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9. DIALECT (D)

• A form of language as it is spoken in a
  particular geographic area or by a particular
  social or ethnic group
• PA and Awhile

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10. POINT OF VIEW (ST)

• The method of narrating a short story, novel,
  narrative poem, or work of non-fiction

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11. 1st PERSON P.O.V. (ST)

• The narrator is a character in the story and uses
  the pronouns I, me, and my
• EX As my granddaughter walked toward my house,
  I feared for her safety

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12. 3rd PERSON OMNISCIENT
P.O.V. (ST)

• All knowing point of view the narrator telling
  the story knows everything there is to know about
  the characters and their problems. Ex
  Once Upon a Time

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13. 3rd PERSON LIMITED P.O.V.
(ST)

• The narrator is someone outside the action who
  tells only what one character thinks, feels, and
  observes. Characters are referred to by name or
  by the pronouns he, she, they
• Ex As LRRH walked through the forest, she began
  to get scared

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14. SIMILE (FL)

• A comparison between two unlike things using the
  connective words like, as, than, or resembles
• Ex Her cheeks were as red as apples

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15. METAPHOR (FL)

• A direct comparison between two unlike things in
  which one thing becomes the other thing without
  using the connective word like, as, than, or
  resembles
• Ex Her cheeks were apples.

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16. SHORT STORY (NF)

• A piece of literature generally having one main
  conflict that involves the characters, keeps the
  story moving, and makes it interesting.
• Short stories are much shorter than novels and
  can usually be read in one sitting.

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17. NARRATOR (ST)

• The character or voice from whose point of view
  events are told

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18. CONFLICT (PS)

• A struggle or clash between opposing characters,
  or between opposing forces.

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19. INTERNAL CONFLICT (PS)

• A conflict that takes place within a characters
  own mind a struggle between opposing needs,
  desires, or emotions within a single person.

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20. EXTERNAL CONFLICT (PS)

• A conflict in which a character struggles against
  some outside force another character, society as
  a whole, or a natural force.

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21. PLOT (ST)

• The sequence of events in a story

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22. NARRATIVE HOOK / INITIATING ACTION (PS)

• The technique the author uses to hook readers
  and get them interested in the plot of the story
  right away

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23. EXPOSITION (PS)

• The early part of a storys plot that sets the
  tone, establishes the setting, introduces the
  characters and their conflicts, and gives the
  reader important background information

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24. RISING ACTION (PS)

• The action and events in a story that move the
  plot along by adding complications or expanding
  the conflict
• Usually builds suspense to a climax as the
  characters take steps to resolve the conflict

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25. CLIMAX (PS)

• The key scene or turning point in a story when a
  dramatic event happens that will change the
  outcome of the conflict/story.

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26. FALLING ACTION (PS)

• Events or actions that occur after the storys
  climax which tie up loose ends and lead to the
  resolution/denouement of the story.

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27. RESOLUTION/DENOUEMENT (PS)

• The final part of a story in which the conflicts
  are solved and the story is closed.

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28. PERSONIFICATION (FL)

• A special kind of metaphor in which a non-human
  thing or quality is talked about as if it were
  human
• Ex The desks screamed out in pain.

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29. HYPERBOLE (D)

• An extreme exaggeration
• EX I am so hungry I could eat a horse!

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30. DIALOGUE (D)

• Conversation that takes place between two
  characters
• Look for

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31. TONE (SD)

• The attitude an author takes toward a subject or
  character
• Think tone of voice!

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32. STYLE (D)

• The way in which an author chooses to write
• Think Fashion and outfits

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33. ALLUSION (FL)

• A reference to a statement, person, place, event,
  or thing that is known from literature, history,
  religion, myth, politics, sports, science, or pop
  culture

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34. SYMBOLISM (FL)

• A symbol is a person, a place, an activity, or an
  object that stands for something beyond itself
• EX American flag, bald eagle

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35. FORESHADOWING (ST)

• The use of clues to hint at events that will
  occur later in the plot

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36. IRONY (D)

• A special kind of contrast between appearance and
  reality usually one in which reality is the
  opposite from what it seems

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37. VERBAL IRONY (D)

• Verbal irony occurs when someone knowingly
  exaggerates or says one thing to mean another
• EX Theres nothing like piles of homework to
  brighten your weekend!

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38. SITUATIONAL IRONY (D)

• Situational irony is the contrast between what a
  reader or character expects and what actually
  exists or happens
• EX A snow plow stuck in the snow, a police
  station getting robbed, a firehouse burning down

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39. DRAMATIC IRONY (D)

• When the audience or the reader knows something
  important that a character in a play or story
  does not know
• EX Soap operas and bad Slasher movies

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40. CHARACTERIZATION (CHZ)

• Characterization is how a writer reveals
  character.
• There are two types of characterization direct
  and indirect.

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41. DIRECT CHARACTERIZATION (CHZ)

• When an author uses direct characterization,
  he/she directly states a characters traits.
• Example He was a tall man past middle age, for
  his hair was a vivid white but his thick
  eyebrows and pointed military mustache were as
  black as the night from which Rainsford had come
  (Connell 44). Zaroff
• No interpretation necessary!

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42. INDIRECT CHARACTERIZATION (CHZ)

• When an author uses indirect characterization, it
  is up to the reader to draw conclusions about
  characters based on indirect information.
• Five Ways speech, appearance, actions, internal
  thoughts, what other characters think
• Example and his smile showed red lips and
  pointed teeth (Connell 45). Zaroff

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Characterization Continued

• Red lips and pointed teeth? Hmmthat is not
  normal!
• Sounds like Connell is indirectly describing
  General Zaroff as being vampire-like!