AVS 271 Anatomy and Physiology

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AVS 271 Anatomy and Physiology

• Handout 1
• August 27, 2008
• Introduction
• Chapter 1

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Anatomy and Physiology
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Anatomy and Physiology
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The Cell

• The basic structural unit of all living
  organisms
• Each organism begins as a single cell that
  divides and undergoes cell differentiation
• Approximately 200 distinct kinds of cells
• Four primary categories
• Muscle, nerve, epithelial and connective tissue
• Differentiated cells with similar properties
  aggregate to form tissues

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Tissues

• Aggregate of a single cell type
• The general cellular fabric of any organ
  or structure
• Four general classes
• Muscle, nerve, epithelial and connective

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Muscle Tissue
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Nerve Tissue
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Epithelial Tissue
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Connective Tissue
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Connective Tissue Pathophysiology
(Hyperelastosis Cutis HC / Hereditary
Equine Regional Dermal Asthenia HERDA)
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HC / HERDA
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HC / HERDA
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Organs

• Composed of the four kinds of tissues
  arranged in various proportions
• Many organs are organized into smaller,
  similar subunits called functional units

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Organ Systems

• A collection of organs that together
  perform an overall unified function

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Internal Environment

• A conduit through which every individual
  cell is connected to the external
  environment
• Body fluid compartments
• Intracellular fluid
• Extracellular fluid
• Interstitial fluid
• Blood plasma

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Extracellular fluid
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Homeostasis

• Relative constancy of the internal
  environment
• Changes occur, but the magnitude of changes
  are small
• E.g., body temp., blood pressure, blood
  glucose (sugar)
• Homeostatic control system
• A collection of body components that
  function together to keep a physical or
  chemical property of the internal
  environment relatively constant
• E.g., body temperature
• Increased temperature sweating, seek a
  cooler area
• Decreased temperature shivering, minimize
  surface area (curl up)

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