MAINE SUBSURFACE WASTE

1

• MAINE SUBSURFACE WASTE
• WATER DISPOSAL RULES
• CHAPTER 4
•  
• Determining Fill Amounts and Lengths of Fill
  Extensions

2
Shoulders and Fill Extensions

• Rules Requirements Chapter 4 - 401.6 Scaled Plan
• 401.6.1 Location of system The location of the
  proposed system including, but not limited to,
  disposal fields, pump/dosing tanks, distribution
  pipes, fill material extensions with their
  shoulders and limits and when their location is
  critical due to elevations or setbacks, septic
  tanks and grease interceptors.
• Disposal Plan Top of page 3
• 401.6.8 Depths of fill material Depths of fill
  material required, and limits of all fill
  extensions
• Fill Box located between Disposal Plan Cross
  Section
• Fill Extension shown on Cross Section

3
Shoulders and Fill Extensions

• Why is this such an important part of the HHE-200
  Form?
• Setback Requirements (Edge of fill extension--
  Coastal wetlands, special freshwater wetlands,
  great ponds, rivers, streams) Natural Resource
  Protection Act requires a 25 feet setback, on
  slopes of less than 20, from the edge of soil
  disturbance and 100 feet on slopes greater than
  20. See Chapter 15.
• Easement Requirements
• Contractor Cost Estimating of Disposal System
• Construction Layout and Inspection of Disposal
  Field

4
Construction Layout
Shoulders and Fill Extensions

• Chapter 8 - Disposal Field Construction
  Techniques
• Section 801.2 Soil Erosion and Sediment Control
• Section 801.3 Clearing

No Trees Allowed New or Existing
41 Slope
5
Construction Layout
Shoulders and Fill Extensions

• Chapter 8 - Disposal Field Construction
  Techniques
• Section 801.4 Scarify the site
• Section 801.5 Transitional horizon

Area for Vegetation Removal Scarification Transit
ional Horizon
Fill Extension
Disposal Area
Transitional horizon necessary on Soil Profiles
1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, and 9
Transitional horizon necessary on flat sites
(0-3)
6
Shoulders and Fill Extensions

• No Shoulders
• No Fill Extensions
• No Cross Section Location

• No Fill Extensions Dimensions
• No Cross Section Location

7
Shoulders and Fill Extensions

• No Shoulders
• No Fill Extensions

• Fill Depths Will Vary ?
• Slope of Up-Slope Fill Extension?
• Top Slope of Field?

8
Shoulders and Fill Extensions

• No Shoulders
• Incomplete Fill Extension
• No Cross Section Location
• Slope of Site

• No Fill Extensions Dimensions
• No Cross Section Location
• Fill Requirements
• Do Not Match Cross Section

9
Shoulders and Fill Extensions

• No Shoulders
• Rough Fill Extension
• No Cross Section Location

• No Fill Extensions Dimensions
• Shoulders Not Shown
• No Cross Section Location
• No Slopes Indicated

10
Shoulders and Fill Extensions

• No Cross Section Location
• Location of Curtain Drain?
• Corner Locations of Disposal Field?

• No Fill Extensions Dimensions
• No Cross Section Location

11
Shoulders and Fill Extensions

• Shoulders
• Fill Extensions
• Cross Section Location
• Clear Fill Extension

• Fill Extension Dimensions Not Correct

12
Shoulders and Fill Extensions

• Shoulders
• Fill Extensions
• Cross Section Location
• Clear Fill Extension

• Fill Extensions Dimensions
• Added Details
• Fill Amounts

13
Shoulders and Fill Extensions

• Shoulders
• Fill Extensions
• Cross Section Location
• Clear Fill Extension

• Fill Extensions Dimensions
• Added Details
• Fill Amounts

14
Shoulders and Fill Extensions
-60
Mineral Surface
SITE CONDITIONS and LAYOUT Soils Profile 3 3.3
sq. ft. / GPD Depth to SHGW 15 inches C Depth
to Restrictive Layer 24 inches C Depth to
Bedrock 30 inches - AIII
-75
Redoximorphic Features at 15
-84
Hydraulically Restrictive Horizon at 24
-90
Bedrock at 30

• Determine elevation at high point of the proposed
  system at the existing ground (mineral surface)
  and determine existing elevation the four corners
  of the disposal field

15
Shoulders and Fill Extensions
Slopes Along Disposal System Sidelines B-A
line 72-60 12/12 1/20 0.05 x 100
5 C-A line 71-60 11/12 .92/45 0.02 x
100 2 D-C line 83-71 12/12 1/20
0.05 x 100 5 D-B line 83-72 11/12
92/45 0.02 x 100 2 Standard Shoulder
Slope 3 Standard Fill Extension Slope 4 to 1
or 25
16
Elevations at Limiting Factors
Which Limiting Factor is Controlling?

• Seasonal High Ground Water
• Disposal Corner A -60 inches
  
• Depth to S.H.G.W. -15 inches
  
• Total
  -75 inches
  
• Separation Distance 12 inches
  Elev. at Bot. of
  Stone -63 inches
  

-60
Mineral Surface
-75
Redoximorphic Features at 15
Bedrock Disposal
Corner A -60 inches
Depth to Bedrock
-30 inches

Total -90 inches
Separation Distance
24 inches
Elev. at Bot. of Stone -66 inches

-84
Hydraulically Restrictive Horizon at 24
-90
Bedrock at 30 Features
17
Fill Required at System Corners
Minimum Thickness of Stone Bed Disposal Field
Stone Below Pipe 7 inches Distribution Pipe
4 inches (4 inch Perforated Pipe) Stone
Over Pipe 1 inch Fabric Over Stone 0
inches (2 inches if hay used) Fill and Cover
8 inches (4 inches of Cover Material)
Total 20 inches
Min.
Cover Material
Fill Material
Finish Grade at Corners -43
8
Fabric Cover
Distribution Pipe
12
Stone
-63
18
Fill Required at System Corners
Cut / Fill at High Point - Corner A
Elevation at Mineral Surface 60
Bottom of Disposal Field
-63 Cut into Existing
Ground 3
Thickness Disp. Field
20 Cut into
Existing Ground - 3
Fill Required at A 17
Cover Material
Existing Mineral Surface
-43
Fill Material
Fill 17
Distribution Pipe
Stone
Cut 3
Elevation of Mineral Surface -60
Bottom of Bed -63
19
Fill Required at System Corners
Cut / Fill at High Corner B
Elevation at Mineral Surface 72 inches

Elevation at Corner A -60 inches

Elevation Difference 12
inches
Fill Required at A
17 inches Fill Required
at B 29 Inches
Cover Material
-43
Fill Material
Fill 17
Distribution Pipe
29
Elev. at A -60
Stone
Fill 12
Elev. at Bottom of Bed -63
Elev. Of Mineral Surface -72
Existing Mineral Surface
20
Fill Required at System Corners
Cut / Fill at High Corner C Elevation
at Mineral Surface 71 inches
Elevation at Corner A
-60 inches
Elevation Difference
11 inches
Fill Required at A
17 inches
Fill Required at C
28 Inches
Cover Material
-43
Fill Material
Fill 17
Distribution Pipe
28
Elev. at A -60
Stone
Fill 11
Elev. at Bottom of Bed -63
Elev. Of Mineral Surface -71
Existing Mineral Surface
21
Fill Required at System Corners
Cut / Fill at High Corner D
Elevation at Mineral Surface 83 inches

Elevation at Corner A -60 inches

Elevation Difference 23
inches
Fill Required at A
17 inches Fill
Required at D 40 Inches
Cover Material
-43
Fill Material
Fill 17
Distribution Pipe
Elev. at A -60
Stone
40
Elev. at Bottom of Bed -63
Fill 23
Elev. Of Mineral Surface -83
Existing Mineral Surface
22
Shoulders and Fill Extensions
Fill Required at Outer Edge of Shoulders and
Length of Fill Extensions
Corner A (both up slopes)
B-A Line 17/12 1.42-3x
(0.050.03) 1.18 / (0.25 0.05) 3.93-
Round Up 4 C-A Line 17/12 1.42-3x
(0.020.03) 1.27 / (0.25 0.02) 4.57-
Round Up 5
23
Shoulders and Fill Extensions
Fill Required at Outer Edge of Shoulders and
Length of Fill Extensions
Corner B (down slope and up slope)
A-B Line 29/12 2.42
3x (0.05-0.03) 2.48 / (0.25 - 0.05)
12.40 Round Up 13 D-B Line 29/12 2.42-
3x (0.020.03) 2.27 / (0.25 0.02) 8.41
Round Up 9
24
Shoulders and Fill Extensions
A B CROSS SECTION
3
-43 100.00
99.91
3
(99.91 98.73) 1.18 14
17/ 12 1.42
98.73
-60 98.58
5
Up Slope Detail
25
Shoulders and Fill Extensions
Fill Required at Outer Edge of Shoulders and
Length of Fill Extensions
Corner C (up slope and down slope)
D-C Line 28/12
2.33-3x (0.050.03) 2.09 / (0.25 0.05)
6.97 Round Up 7 A-C Line 28/12
2.33-3x (0.02-0.03) 2.30 / (0.25 - 0.02)
Exact 10
( NOTE If existing ground slope is less 3
subtract from fill amount).
26
Shoulders and Fill Extensions
Fill Required at Outer Edge of Shoulders and
Length of Fill Extensions
Corner D (down slope and down slope)
C-D Line 40/12
3.333x (0.05-0.03) 3.39 / (0.25 - 0.05)
16.95 Round Up 17 B-D Line 40/12
3.33-3x (0.02-0.03) 3.30 /(0.25 - 0.02)
14.35 Round Up 15
( NOTE If existing ground slope is less 3
subtract from fill amount).
27
Shoulders and Fill Extensions
C D CROSS SECTION
3
100.00 -43
99.91 100 (3 x 0.03 )
3.33 40
3
41 3.39 (99.91 96.52)
96.67 -83
96.52 96.67 (3 x 0.05)
5
Down Slope Detail
28
Shoulders and Fill Extensions
Legend
20 x 45 Stone Bed
Wood Stake Set
C
Fill Extension Table
C1
A
A
Bed Corner
A to A1 7 A to A2 8 B to B1 16 B to
B2 12 C to C1 10 C to C2 13 D to D1
20 D to D2 18
A1
10
7
3 Shoulder
A2
C2
C
8
A
13
5
4 Perforated Pipe
D.B.
5
20
5
5
5
12
18
B
5
D
D2
B2
3 Shoulder
16
20
Limit of Fill Extension
D1
B1
B
45
D
29
Shoulders and Fill Extensions
30

• MAINE SUBSURFACE WASTE
• WATER DISPOSAL RULES
• CHAPTER 4
•  
• Easements

31
Easements

• 400.7 Location of the system
• A system should be located entirely on property
  owned or controlled by the owner of the
  system.
• 400.7.1 Private property
• The owner of the proposed system may locate the
  system or components partially or
  completely on other private property, provided
  the property owners execute an easement in
  perpetuity for the construction, operation,
  replacement, and maintenance of the system,
  giving the systems owner authorization to
  cross any land or right-of-way between the two
  parcels.
• The easement shall be filed and cross-referenced
  in the Registry of Deeds and the
  municipalitys office prior to issuance of a
  disposal system permit.
• The easement shall provide sufficient buffer
  around the disposal field and fill material
  extensions for future replacement and maintenance
  of the system.

32
Easements
N
Property of System Owner
N5W 70
Fill Extension
Disposal Area
S85W 40
N85E 55
S5E 20
S85W 90
Town Road
N5W 35
S5E 35
Property Line
S642638W 42.72
N85E 90
Sufficient buffer for construction, future
replacement and maintenance of the system
required for easement.
Authorization to cross any land or right-of-way
between the two parcels.
Abutter 1 - Property
Abutter 2 - Property
33
Easements

• 400.7.2 Public property
• The owner of the proposed system may locate the
  system or components partially or
• completely on abutting public property,
  provided the entity controlling access to the
• property executes a letter of no objection
  giving the systems owner authorization for
  the construction, operation, replacement, and
  maintenance of the system.

Letter of no objection required
Property of System Owner
State or Town Road
Disposal Area
Fill Extension
Setback variance required
Right of Way Line
34

• MAINE SUBSURFACE WASTE
• WATER DISPOSAL RULES
• CHAPTER 4
•  
• Fill Sites

35
Fill Sites

• Table 600.1 - Filled Site / Profile 12
• These soils have no typical profile.
• Variable in texture.
• May contain man-made materials.
• Use the Soil Profile Bedrock Class
• Soil Drainage Class and minimum
• hydraulic loading rate that best
• describes the observed profile.
• For first time and non-exempt expansion systems
  see Section
• 405.0.

36
Fill Sites
SECTION 405.0 FILLED SITES

• 405.1 Bedrock and Soil drainage conditions
• Where the surface of the ground has been raised
  by the addition of fill material over the
  original soil, the Design Class is to be
  determined based upon the texture of fill or
  the original soil, whichever is finer and the
  depth to the most
• limiting soil horizon.
• Measurement is to be taken from the original
  ground surface
• except as provided for in Section 405.2.

37
Fill Sites

• 405.2 Fill considered equivalent to original
  soil
• The plumbing inspector shall review and approve
  the use of existing fill soil as the
  equivalent to original soil for design purposes
  when the site evaluator demonstrates that
• a) The fill material is of suitable texture,
  consistency, depth, extent and
  structure to be equivalent of original soil for
  design purposes, and
• b) The fill has been in place since July 1,
  1974, and
• c) The area of the fill soils include, at a
  minimum, the disposal field and its
  extensions, and
• d) The texture of fill is sandy loam or
  coarser, and the fill is relatively
  free of foreign material including organic
  material, and
• e) The fill is placed in compliance with all
  pertinent regulations.

38
Fill Sites

• 405.2 Fill considered equivalent to original
  soil
• The documentation required to meet b) The
  fill has been in
• place since July 1, 1974 is as follows or as
  required by the LPI
• Aerial Photography
• Tax maps photos
• Natural Resources Conservation Service
  photos
• MDOT photos
• MDOT Plans
• Natural Resources Conservation Service - Soil
  Maps
• Affidavits of neighbors and others with
  knowledge of the
• site prior to 1974

39

• MAINE SUBSURFACE WASTE
• WATER DISPOSAL RULES
• CHAPTER 4
•  
• ON-SITE MONITORING OF SEASONAL HIGH GROUNDWATER
  TABLE CONDITIONS

40
ON-SITE GROUNDWATER MONITORING

• 404.1 When used
• When the A or Ap (plow layer) horizons are
  greater than 7
• inches thick or the site evaluator is unable
  to determine the
• seasonal groundwater table depth at the
  proposed disposal
• field site by direct soil profile observation
  or by soil drainage class/moisture regime
  using Table 400.1.
• Groundwater monitoring documentation may be
  provided which
• shows that soil mottling, or other color
  patterns, at a particular site are not an
  indication of seasonally saturated soil
  conditions.
• Documentation shall be made by directly
  measuring seasonal groundwater levels and
  temperatures in accordance with the
  procedures cited in this Section.

41
ON-SITE GROUNDWATER MONITORING

• 404.1.1 Groundwater table modifications
• Seasonal groundwater table monitoring
  documentation shall be provided for sites
  where an attempt has or is being made to
  lower the seasonal water table level, to verify
  that soil mottling or other color patterns
  at a specific site are not a true indication
  of seasonally saturated soil conditions or high
  groundwater levels or that site modification
  has successfully drained a particular site
  to make it suitable for subsurface
  wastewater disposal in compliance with these
  Rules.

42
ON-SITE GROUNDWATER MONITORING

• 404.1.2 Monitoring responsibility
• A Maine Licensed Site Evaluator shall be
  responsible for establishing and conducting
  the monitoring program.
• The Licensed Site Evaluator shall be responsible
  to adequately determine site conditions,
  properly locate and install monitoring wells
  on site, and accurately collect monitoring data.

43
ON-SITE GROUNDWATER MONITORING

• 404.1.3 Monitoring program proposal
• A Maine Licensed Site Evaluator shall submit a
  completed proposal to the Department and the
  LPI prior to initiating any monitoring
  program.
• A preliminary scaled plan shall be submitted by
  the site evaluator which illustrates the
  location of proposed monitoring
• well(s), property lines, dwelling(s), disposal
  system(s), terrain slopes, existing well(s),
  artificial drainage, and natural surface
  drainage.
• Logs of soil profiles observed, proposed
  monitoring well depths, a description of
  procedures and equipment to be employed to
  collect accurate monitoring data, and other
  pertinent information shall also be provided.

44
ON-SITE GROUNDWATER MONITORING

• 404.1.4 Departmental approval
• The Division of Environmental Health shall
  approve the monitoring program prior to its
  initiation.
• Failure to request prior approval from an
  applicant is considered cause not to accept
  any results of a monitoring program.

45
ON-SITE GROUNDWATER MONITORING
404.1.5 Monitoring well construction
Monitoring wells shall consist of 2 inches
minimum diameter solid PVC pipe which extends
above the soil surface a minimum of 24 inches for
ease of location
Cap
Elevation taken at top of pipe
Existing Ground Surface
Organic Horizon
Elevation taken at mineral surface
The pipe shall be surrounded by a mounded seal
extending 6 inches down from the ground surface
consisting of a layer of puddled clay, bentonite,
or a bentonite/grout mixture or native soil
material, to prevent direct entry of
precipitation or other contaminants
Compacted native soil shall be installed in the
area between the pipe and the excavation
The pipe shall be placed a minimum of 3 inches
into a 6 inch minimum thick layer of clean stone
or gravel that is placed at the base of the
excavation
46
ON-SITE GROUNDWATER MONITORING

• 404.2 Monitoring well observation period
• Groundwater level and temperature monitoring
  shall be done
• during the time of year when seasonal high
  groundwater table
• conditions are expected to occur.
• The first observation shall be made on or before
  April 1st. Subsequent groundwater level
  readings shall be made at least every seven
  days until June 15th or until the site is
  determined to be unacceptable, whichever
  comes first.
• Seasonal groundwater table depths below the
  mineral soil surface and the soil water
  temperatures shall be recorded.

47
ON-SITE GROUNDWATER MONITORING
404.2 Monitoring well documentation
48
ON-SITE GROUNDWATER MONITORING

• 404.3 Site conditions
• Sites to be monitored shall be carefully checked
  for groundwater drainage tile and open
  ditches that may have altered the natural
  seasonal groundwater table.

• 404.4 Witnessing the location and installation of
  monitoring wells
• The property owner shall give the plumbing
  inspector permission to witness the
  excavation and installation of the monitoring
  wells.
• The plumbing inspector may require a maximum of
  15 days written notice prior to witnessing
  the location and installation of
• the monitoring wells.

49
ON-SITE GROUNDWATER MONITORING

• 404.5 Minimum number and location of monitoring
  wells
• There shall be at least two monitoring wells
  plus an additional well for every 300 gpd
  design flow above 300 gpd. The site evaluator
  shall locate the monitoring wells so that the
  wells will reveal representative groundwater
  table conditions in the soils beneath the
  footprint of the proposed disposal field and fill
  material extensions.
• If ground water table modifications are being
  attempted an addition monitoring well shall
  be constructed outside the area being
  modified as a control well to monitor ground
  water levels not effected by the modification.

50
ON-SITE GROUNDWATER MONITORING

• 404.6 Monitoring well depth
• In general, monitoring wells shall extend to a
  depth of at least 3 feet below the ground
  surface, except that special soil conditions
  may require different monitoring well depths,
  such as the following In permeable soils
  that overlie a hydraulically restrictive soil
  horizon, monitoring wells shall terminate within
  the mottled soil horizon above the
  hydraulically restrictive soil horizon in
  cases where a mottled soil horizon lies above a
  permeable unmottled soil, wells shall terminate
  in the lower part of the mottled horizon.
• The site evaluator shall determine the depth of
  the monitoring wells for each site.

51
ON-SITE GROUNDWATER MONITORING

• 404.7 Monitoring well data calibration
• Climatic conditions may cause significant year
  to year fluctuations in the highest seasonal
  groundwater table.
• Monitoring well data shall be compared with
  water resources
• conditions information obtained from the
  United States
• Geological Survey (USGS) to determine whether
  the observed
• seasonal high groundwater table is at or near
  its normal level.

52
ON-SITE GROUNDWATER MONITORING
404.8 Determination of seasonal high groundwater
table conditions
404.8.1 Water table is found at depths greater
than allowed in Table 600.2 or 600.4 If the
water table is found at depths greater than the
minimum allowed in Table 600.2 or 600.4,
monitoring shall continue until June 15th or
until the site has been determined to be
unacceptable as prescribed in Subsection
404.8.2. 404.8.2 Water table is found at depths
shallower than allowed in Table 600.2 or 600.4
If the water table is found at a depth shallower
than allowed in Table 600.2 or 600.4, and, if the
corresponding soil water temperature is at or
above 41F, the site shall be considered
unacceptable, and the site evaluator shall notify
the Department in writing. If the corresponding
soil water temperature is below 41F, monitoring
shall continue until June 15th or until the site
has been determined to be unacceptable.
53
ON-SITE GROUNDWATER MONITORING

• 404.9 Reporting findings
• If monitoring discloses that a site is
  acceptable, the applicant may submit an
  application for a disposal system permit that
  includes a written monitoring report prepared by
  the investigating site evaluator.
• The monitoring report shall provide monitoring
  well locations, ground elevations at the
  monitoring wells, soil profile descriptions,
  measurement data and dates of measurement
  depths to observed water tables, and soil water
  temperatures, as well as supporting data
  indicating that monthly precipitation amounts
  are within the normal range.

54
ON-SITE GROUNDWATER MONITORING

• 404.10 Monitoring well abandonment
• At the completion of the monitoring program, all
  monitoring wells located within the footprint
  of the proposed disposal field and fill
  extensions shall be abandoned and sealed to
  prevent the migration of surface water or
  potential contaminants to the subsurface.
• Monitoring well pipe shall be completely removed
  and the excavation filled with compacted
  native soil.

55
Contact Information
Website http//www.maine.gov/dhhs/eng/plumb/in
dex.htm
56
Contact Information

• Other Agencies
• Maine Department of Environmental Protection
• 1-800-452-1942 or 207-287-3901
• Maine Land Use Regulation Commission
• 207-287-2631
• State Planning Office
• 1-800-662-4545 or 207-287-3261
• Plumbers Examining Board
• 207-624-8627

57
Contact Information

• Program Staff
• Russell Martin, PE, Program Director 287-4735
• James Jacobsen, Project Reviews, Webmaster
  287-5695
• Douglas Coombs, LSE, Site Evaluation Program
  287-5688
• Brent Lawson, State Plumbing Inspector 287-5670
• Wendy Austin, Plumbing Permits Data Entry
  287-5672
• Lorraine Martin, Plumbing Permits and Program
  Support 287-5689