Stage One Life of Jesus

1
Stage One Life of Jesus
1st century

• Jewish Sects
• Pharisees, Sadducees, Essenes, Zealots,
  Sicarii, Christians
• Messiahs and Prophets

2
Stage One Life of Jesus
1st century

• Jesus of Nazareth
• born 4 BCE
• Galilee

3
Passion
1st century

• Passion Trial and Death of Jesus
• Pesach in Jerusalem
• Crucifixion by Romans

4
Stage Two Paul
1st century

• Paul Apostle to the Gentiles
• Saul
• A Pharisee
• From Tarsus
• Diaspora Judaism
• Damascus

5
Stage Two Paul
1st century

• 40-55 CE
• Greece and Asia Minor (modern Turkey)
• Pauline Christianity Greco-Roman religion
• No circumcision
• No food restrictions (kashrut)

6
Christianities
2nd century

• Gnostics
• Jesus only appeared to be human
• docetic
• Marcion
• Demiurges (evil) were behind creation, Judaism,
  and the Hebrew Bible
• rejected Gospel of Matthew from his canon
• Orthodoxy and Heresy

7
Imperial Christianity
3rd century

• Christianity as minority group
• Persecution
• Constantine

8
Imperial Christianity
4th century

• Roman emperor 306-37 CE
• conquer in this sign
• Christians with armies and power

9
Imperial Christianity
4th century

• Edict of Milan, 313 CE
• Effects of Edict of Milan
• Stability across the empire
• Christianity grows exponentially
• Combination of church and state
• Political Christianity

10
Debates and Creeds
4th century

• 4th c.
• Arius, from Alexandria
• believed Jesus was not eternal but created
• Jesus was homoi-ousion similar substance to God

11
Debates and Creeds
4th century

• Athanasius, from Alexandria
• co-eternity between God the Father and Jesus the
  Son.
• Jesus was homo-ousion one being of the same
  substance as God

12
Debates and Creeds
4th century

• Nicea (325 CE)
• Nicene creed establishes the concept of the
  Trinity
• co-equal Father, Son and Holy Spirit.

13
Debates and Creeds
5th century

• Bishop of Constantinople
• Mary was the Mother of Christ
• Christotokos bearer of Christ
• leads to the theological development of the
  Immaculate Conception in 1854.

14
After Nicea. . .
5th century

• If Jesus is co-equal with God, what does that
  make Mary?
• Bishop of Alexandria
• Mary was the Mother of God
• Theotokos bearer of God

15
Debates and Creeds
5th century

• What was the relationship between the human and
  divine aspects of Christ?

Nestorius - Christ had two persons human and
divine - Only the human part was born in human
fashion
16
Debates and Creeds
5th century

• Monophysites
• the human element of Jesus was completely
  swallowed up into the divine one
• Jesus had one nature mono physis.

17
Debates and Creeds
5th century

• Council of Chalcedon, 451
• compromise between Rome and Constantinople
• Jesus was one person (the mono) but with both
  human and divine natures in him.

18
Crusades

• 637 CE fall of Jerusalem to Umar
• 1010 CE Church of the Holy Sepulcher burned
  down by a Muslim caliph
• 1071 CE Turkish Muslims persecute Christians in
  Jerusalem

19
Crusades
11th century

• 1095 CE First of many Crusades

• 1099 CE Crusaders win back Jerusalem
• Theyll lose it again in 1187 to Muslims
• Will change hands several more times in the 1200s

20
East-West Split
11th century

• catholic universal
• Rome exercising more control, assuming central
  authority
• 1054 CE official split of Bishop of
  Constantinople from Bishop of Rome
• Bishop of Rome the Pope
• Creation of Eastern Orthodoxy and Roman
  Catholicism

21
Eastern Orthodoxy
9th century

• Cyril (826-69 CE)
• vernacular
• new alphabet based on Greek letters
• Cyrillic Alphabet Russian

22
Eastern Orthodoxy
7th century

• 7th c. debate
• Iconoclasts vs Iconodules

23
Further Division
15th century

• Massive social change in Europe
• Literacy
• Growth of vernacular languages
• Printing press (1456)

24
Martin Luther (1483-1546 CE)

• Corruption in Rome
• Exploitation of Northern European churches
• Indulgences
• 95 Theses of Luther (1517 CE)
• Wittenburg
• Direct challenge and refutation of many Catholic
  ideas

25
Diet of Worms
15th century

• Charges (1521 CE)
• Excommunication
• Political subversion
• Excommunication Placing one outside the
  community of believers

26
Luthers Radical Ideas
15th century

• Sola fide / Sola gratia
• by faith alone / By grace alone
• Humans can do nothing to effect salvation
• Sola scriptura
• By scripture alone
• All practice and belief must be found in
  scripture
• Jewish Karaites
• Christian Lutherans
• Muslim Wahhabis

27
Effects of Luthers Protest - 1
16th century

• Protestant Reformation

28
Effects of Luthers Protest - 2
16th -19th century

• Local authority multiple splintering
• Calvin / Calvinism
• Presbyterianism
• Anabaptists
• Mennonites
• Puritans
• Quakers
• Baptists

29
Effects of Luthers Protest - 3
16th century

• Council of Trent 1545-63
• Counter Reformation
• Too little too late for reconciliation

30
Anglicanism

• Henry VIIIKing of England
• Church of England
• 1534 CE
• Episcopaleans

31
Modern Catholicism
20th century

• Vatican II 1962-65
• Modernisation of some Catholic practices, not
  others
• Ecumenical
• Traditionalists

32
Future of Christianity

• Secularism
• Shrinking clergy and church attendance
• Rise of Fundamentalism (reactionary)
• Inevitability of change