HEARING AND THE OTHER SENSES

1
HEARING AND THE OTHER SENSES
Quiz 3 pages 116-128
2
Sound

• Auditory having to do with hearing

• Sound - A wave which is created by vibrating
  objects and transmitted through a medium from one
  location to another.

3
Compression and Expansion
4
(No Transcript)
5
Pitch

• Frequency number of cycles per second as
  expressed in the unit Hertz.
• Hertz A unit expressing the frequency of sound
  waves. One Hertz, or 1Hz, equals one cycle per
  second.

6
Pitch

• The greater the number of cycles per second, the
  higher the pitch.

7

• The greater the number of cycles per second, the
  higher the pitch.

8
Loudness

• Amplitude height
• The higher the amplitude of a wave, the louder
  the sound.
• Decibel A unit expressing the loudness of a
  sound. Abbreviated dB.

9
(No Transcript)
10
Highest Frequency? Loudest? Highest Amplitude?
Highest Pitch?
A.
B.
C.
11
(No Transcript)
12
Noise Toys
http//www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?story
Id5044711
Wishing for a Silent Night in Toyland by Michele
Norris 
13
(No Transcript)
14
(No Transcript)
15
How Does Sound Move Through the Ear?

• http//www.oticon.com/eprise/main/Oticon/com/SEC_A
  boutHearing/LearnAboutHearing/Products/SEC_OtiKids
  /Kids/AboutHearing/CNT10_HowDoesTheEarWork20

VIDEO GATEWAYS TO THE MIND!
16
http//web.mit.edu/synesthesia/www
17
Types of Deafness
Page 122

• CONDUCTION DEAFNESS
• SENSORY-NEURAL DEAFNESS
• STIMULATION DEAFNESS

18
Conduction Deafness

• Caused by the failure of the three tiny bones
  inside the middle ear to pass along sound waves
  to the inner ear or the failure of the eardrum to
  vibrate in response to sound waves
• Possible cause is a build-up of fluid
• Hearing aids
• Normal hearing may return.

19
Sensory-Neural Deafness

• Damage to the inner ear. Most often caused by
  loss of hair cells that will not regenerate.
• Damage to the auditory nerve.
• Cochlear implants can help patients with this
  form of deafness.

20
Stimulation Deafness

• Exposure to very loud sounds
• Prolonged exposure to 85 dB can cause stimulation
  loss.
• Ringing sound can mean hair cells have been
  damaged

21
ARTICLE Loss of Hearing Can Be
Frustrating! February 14, 2001
Locating Sounds! Seeing is believing - Experiment
22
Smell
The two chemical senses
Taste
23
The nose knows!
http//www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?story
Id4060583 Thinking, and Singing, of Smell
24
Articles Fragrances Enhance Emotion,
Chemistry et. al.
25
(No Transcript)
26
http//www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?story
Id4059387 Americans Win Nobel for Research on
Smell (2004) (time 430)
ARTICLE "A Secret Sense in the Human Nose"
ARTICLE "A Woman's Nose Belongs to Daddy"
ARTICLE Smells arent Good or Bad, Theyre
Learned
http//www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?story
Id4804413 Wine Fans Take Heart Smells Differ
in Nose, Mouth
27
Sensations are created by chemical reactions on
your taste buds
Taste is heavily influenced by smell this is
called sensory interaction
28
What's going on?

• TASTE QUALITIES
• (taste is a bunch of B Ss!)
• Bitter
• Sour
• Salty
• Sweet

• FLAVOR DEPENDS ON
• Temperature
• Odor
• Texture
• Taste
• (I T.O.T.T. you about flavor)

http//www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?story
Id1813416 Study Tastes Form in Infancy
29
(No Transcript)
30
Skin Senses page 123
31
Touch and Pressure

• Sensory receptors located around the roots of
  hair cells fire when surface of skin is touched.
• There are at least 6 basic types of touch
  receptors in your skin.
• One for hot, cold, pain, pressure, touch, and
  fine touch.

32

• SKIN SENSES
• Vision is usually the most dominant of the
  senses
• Touch
• Pressure
• Warmth
• Cold
• Pain

33
TOUCH PRESSURE Two-Point Threshold to assess
sensitivity to pressure The least distance by
which two rods touching the skin must be
separated before the subject will report that
there are two rods, not one, on 50 of
occasions Most sensitive fingertips, lips,
noses and cheeks 1. nerve endings are more
densely packed in the fingertips and face
than in other locations 2. a greater amount of
sensory cortex is devoted to the
perception of sensations in the fingertips and
face
34
TEMPERATURE Warm Cold receptors they adapt
and sometimes they fire simultaneously
PAIN Pain is a signal that something is wrong
with the body NO KIDDING! Originates at the
point of contact Release of various chemicals
prostaglandins, bradykinin, P Inflammation
attracts infection-fighting blood cells
35
GATE THEORY pain messengers cant get
through ENDORPHINS Bodies natural pain killers
(Chapter 2 page 47) ACUPUNCTURE ancient
procedures/releasing endorphins PLACEBO bogus
treatment

• PAIN MANAGEMENT
• Accurate Information
• Distraction Fantasy
• Hypnosis
• Relaxation Training
• Coping with Irrational Beliefs

36
KINESTHESIS The sense that informs us about the
positions and motion of parts of our
bodies VESTIBULAR SENSE The sense of
equilibrium that informs us about our bodies
positions relative to gravity