Plant

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Plant Parts
12.4
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ROOTS

• As large as or larger than above ground parts
• Where water and minerals enter plant
• Anchor plants in soil
• Store food (beets, carrots)

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More about ROOTS

• Epidermis outer covering
• After water is absorbed by the epidermis it
  diffuses to the center of the root where the
  vascular tissue is located
• Root cap has slimy substance to push through
  soil

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Root System

• 2 kinds
• Taproot System a large taproot grows down
  smaller roots branch off it (usually dicots
  gymnosperms)
• Gets water from deep underground
• Fibrous Root System several roots that spread
  out from plant base
• Roots usually the same size
• Get water near the surface
• Usually monocots

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Stems

• Tree trunks are stems
• Main function to support the above ground parts
  of the plant and to move materials between roots
  and leaves
• Use growth rings to estimate age of trees
• Some store food (potatoes)
• Store water (cactus)

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2 types of stems

• Herbaceous stems soft green
• Woody stems hard and rigid

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Vascular Tissues

• Xylem tubular vessels that transport water and
  minerals from the roots throughout the plant
• Phloem tubular vessels that transport food from
  the leaves throughout the plant or to storage
• Cambium tissue that produces new xylem and
  phloem cells

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Leaves

• Leaves plant organs that trap light and make
  food through the process of photosynthesis

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Parts of a leaf

• Epidermis thin layer of cells that protect both
  sides of a leaf
• Cuticle waxy protection against wilting or
  drying out
• Stomata small pores in a leafs surface that
  allow, water and CO2 enter, and oxygen to exit a
  leaf
• Guard cells open and close the stomata
• Palisade layer layer under the epidermis that
  has chloroplasts filled with chlorophyll- this is
  where most of a plants food is made

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Other Leaf Functions

• Cactus leaves are spines that keep animals away
• Some leaves catch insects
• Digesting insects lets the plant get enough
  nitrogen

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Flowers

• Parts for sexual reproduction
• Many shapes, colors, fragrances
• Attract animals to pollinate
• Nectar sugary fluid that attracts birds
  insects

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Sepals Petals

• Sepal one of the outermost rings of leaves that
  protect a flower bud
• Sepals fold back to let flowers open
• Petal one of the rings of the colored flower
• Petals attract animals to flowers

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Stamen Pistils

• Stamen male reproductive part (produces
  pollen/sperm)
• Anther sac-like structure that produces pollen
• Filament thin stalk
• Pistil female reproductive part (produces
  ovules/eggs)
• Stigma is sticky, at top of pistil
• Style long, slender part of pistil
• Ovary rounded base of the pistil
• Ovule found in the ovary contains the egg
• The ovule becomes the seed and the ovary becomes
  the fruit when an egg is fertilized

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Uses for Flowers

• Floral arrangements
• We eat some flowers (broccoli, cauliflower,
  artichokes)
• Make tea (chamomile)
• Spices (cloves, saffron)
• Perfumes, lotions, shampoos

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