Determinants of Health

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Determinants of Health
Policies and Interventions
BEHAVIOR Physical

Social ENVIRONMENT
INDIVIDUAL ENVIRONMENT BIOLOGY
Access to Quality Health Care
2
Causes of Non-Communicable Conditions
Non Communicable Conditions Heart Disease and
Stroke Hypertension Arthritis, Osteoporosis,
Back Pain Obesity, Diabetes, Chronic Kidney
Dx Chronic Liver Dx, Cirrosis Cancer Respiratory
Diseases Unintentional Injury Violence,
Suicide Mental Health-Depression Disabilities and
Secondary Conditions (Healthy People 2010)
Social Determinants Personal Data Age/Gender
Race/ethnicity SES Income Education
Occupation Culture Traditions Customs
Religion Values Networks Family Social
work/school
Behavioral Determinants Diet Exercise Leisure
Activities Risk taking Substance use Tobacco
Alcohol Drugs Safety Practices Seatbelts
Helmets Health values BP checks Stress
coping annual exams.
3
Social Determinants

• Personal Data Age/Gender, Race/ethnicity
• SES Income, Education, Occupation
• Culture Traditions, Customs, Religion,
  Values
• Networks Family, Social, work/school

4
Behavioral Determinants

• Diet
• Exercise
• Leisure Activities
• Risk taking
• Substance use Tobacco, Alcohol, Drugs
• Safety Practices Seatbelts, Helmets
• Health values BP checks, Stress coping,
  annual exams.

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Non Communicable Conditions Heart Disease
Stroke Hypertension Arthritis,
Osteoporosis, Back Pain Obesity
Diabetes Chronic Kidney Dx
Chronic Liver Disease and Cirrhosis
Cancer Respiratory
Disease Unintentional Injury--Automobile
Accidents Violence Suicide Mental
Health-Depression Disabilities and Secondary
Conditions (Healthy People 2010)
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DEATHS/MORTALITY
Number Annually 2,314,690 (1996) Death rate
491.6/100,000 Ten Leading Causes of Death in
United States Heart
disease 733,361 Cancer 539,533 Stroke
160,431 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary
Disease 106,027 Accidents
94,949 Pneumonia/Influenza
83,727 Diabetes 61,767
HIV/AIDS 31,130 Suicide
30,903 Chronic Liver Disease/Cirrhosis
25,047 National Vital Statistics Reports,
Vol47, No 9
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Noncommunicable Disease Model
Environment
Health Care System
Personality
Beliefs
Economics
Your genetic endowment
Behavioral choices
Water Quality
Air Pollution
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Non Communicable Conditions Terms
Chronic Diseases Are prolonged, do not resolve
spontaneously, are rarely
cured completely Impairment Loss of Structure
or Function Disability Restriction in
performing function
(consequence of impairment) Handicap
Disadvantage resulting from a disability
Limits fulfillment of role in
society
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Categorizing U.S. Health Issues

• Health
• Promotion
• Protection
• Prevention

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Levels of Prevention

• Primary Prevention
• Disease or injury
• Secondary Prevention
• Impairment
• Tertiary Prevention
• Disability dependency

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Three Levels of Prevention

• Primary prevention
• Eliminate threats to health
• Protect individuals and communities
• Stop dangerous practices
• Promote better health (diet exercise)
• Secondary prevention
• Screening, Early diagnosis Treatment
• Tertiary prevention

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Prioritizing Prevention Control Efforts

• Leading Causes of Death
• Years of Potential Life Lost
• Economic Cost to Society