s, s, s, s

1
-s, --s, ()s, s

• Content objective Students will
  learn appropriate ways to use hyphens, dashes,
  parentheses, and brackets. 
• Language objective Using the Holt Handbook,
   students will analyze sentences to determine
  whether the sentences need hyphens, dashes,
  parentheses, or brackets. 

2
Hyphens -

• Use a hyphen to divide a word hang-
• ing over the end of a line
• Divide at the syllable
• Do not divide a one syllable wo-
• rd
• Do not divide so that one letter stands a-
• lone
• Divide an already hyphenated word only at the
  existing hyphen

3
Hyphens -

• Use a hyphen with compound numbers from
  twenty-one to ninety-nine
• Thirty-three, fifty-seven
• Use with fractions used as modifiers
• Two-thirds majority (but two thirds of the class)
• Use with prefixes All-, ex-, great-, and self-
• All-purpose, great-grandmother, self-control
• Use with all prefixes before a proper noun/adj
• Pro-American, anti-Stalinist, mid-December
• Use with suffixes -elect, -free
• President-elect, detergent-free

4
Hyphens -

• Hyphenate a compound adjective when it precedes
  the noun it modifies
• It was a well-organized trip.
• The trip was well organized.
• Some are always hyphenated whether they precede
  or follow the noun
• Down-to-earth person
• Person who is down-to-earth

5
You try

• The secretary elect won twenty nine votes.
• The secretary-elect won twenty-nine votes.

6
You try

• A bee flitting from flower to flower
• A flower-flitting bee
• A child throwing a tantrum
• A stove that burns coal
• A shirt stained with strawberries
• A face streaked with tears
• A tantrum-throwing child
• A coal-burning stove
• A strawberry-stained shirt
• A tear-streaked face

7
Dashes --

• On a computer, make a dash by typing two hyphens
• - -
• There is no space before, after, or between the
  hyphens
• word--word

8
Dashes --

• Use to indicate an abrupt break in thought or
  speech, or to indicate an unfinished thought
• The partyIm sorry I forgot to tell youis next
  week.
• What I meant was Vonda began as the bell rang.
• Use a dash (or a colon) to mean namely, that is,
  or in other words, or to otherwise introduce an
  explanation. Use it after if the sentence
  continues
• Our family owns two vehiclesa Prius and a Bug.
• The weather was unseasonably warmin the low
  90sfor February.

9
You try --

• Mabel likes to add explanations
• Bobby is indecisive and jumps from subject to
  subject
• Bobby said, Mabel, lets have lunchor is it
  still time for breakfast?
• Mabel answered, Bruncha combination of lunch
  and breakfastwould be great. The restaurant Chez
  Nouseven the wait staff speak Frenchserves
  tasty food.
• French foodhave I ever even eaten it?sounds
  good to me, said Max.

10
Parentheses ()

• Enclose informative or explanatory material of
  minor importance
• Only material that can be omitted without
  affecting the meaning or structure of the
  sentence
• I sent the package via express mail ten days ago
  (on October 12).
• I sent the package via express mail (ten days
  ago, on October 12).

11
Parentheses ()

• Generally, no punctuation before the (), when
  theyre part of another sentence.
• However, A parenthetical sentence that stands by
  itself
• Begins with a capital letter
• Ends with a period, ?, or !
• Mark your answers with a pencil. (Do not use
  ink.)

12
Brackets

• Use to enclose an explanation or added info
  within quoted or parenthetical material
• He said, Efforts between the two nations North
  and South Korea are focused on diplomacy.
• (See page 15 Graph 1A for a chronology.)

13
Commas, Dashes, or Parentheses?

• Commas closely related to the rest of the
  sentence
• Dash abrupt changes in thought, or unfinished
  thoughts
• Parentheses info of minor importance
• Dont overuse any of these it can be confusing!

14
Work, work, work

• Chapter 14
• Odds Ex. 4, 5
• All Ex. 6, Rev. E