Chapter 16 Southern Europe and the Balkans

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Chapter 16Southern Europe and the Balkans
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• Section 1The Iberian Peninsula
• Shared by Spain and PortugalSpain covers 85
• Spain
• History and Government
• 1. Controlled by the Moors from North Africa
  kicked out in 1492.
• Architecture
• 2. Spanish Empire
• a. one of the largest by 1500s, finished
  by end of 1800s.
• Civil war 1936-1939 between monarchists and
  pro-democracy forces.
• Monarchists won Francisco Franco ruled from
  1939-1975.

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• 4. Quick transition to democracy after Francos
  death
• 5. 17 autonomous regionswanted independence in
  1975.
• People and Culture
• 1. Most are Roman Catholic
• 2. Speak Castilian Spanish
• 3. Plaza
• 4. Moorish influence
• Economy
• 1. manufactures a variety of products
• 2. Anzar administration deregulated the economy
  and lowered unemployment but still high at 11
• 3. Member of the EU

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• 5. Agriculture
• a. olive oil and wine
• b. oranges grown in ValenciaMoors
• c. corn, potatoes, tomatoes imported from
  American colonies
• Issues and Challenges
• 1. Economic improvement GDP is 80 of Europes
  four most industrialized countries.
• 2. Immigration from North Africa
• 3. Basque SeparatistsETA terrorists

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• Portugal
• History and Culture
• 1. Influenced by Moors
• 2. Had a colonial empire
• Economy
• 1. declined after they lost their empire
• 2. GDP is 70 of the most developed
• 3. EU member
• 4. Performed above European average in 1990s.
• 5. Cork

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• Section 2Italian Peninsula
• History
• 1. Roman Empire
• a. Europe, North Africa, Southwest Asia
• b. Diffused language, government,
  architecture and religion
• 2. Renaissancerebirth. Renewal in
  learning1300s to 1500s.
• 3. United in 1861
• Benito Mussolini--
• allied with Hitler, overthrown in 1943.
• 5. Prospered since World War II

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• People and Culture
• 1. Roman Catholic and speak Italian
• 2. Modern culture developed during the
  Renaissance
• 3. Main meal in the middle of the day
• 4. Central Italy is the political and cultural
  centerRome
• 5. Unstable governments since World War II
• a. 50
• b. No party can form a majority, or
  temporary alliance

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• Today
• 1. North is prosperous and the south is
  poorer20unemployment. South is aided by EU and
  Italian government.
• 2. Rich farmland in Po River Valley
• Issues and Challenges
• 1. Developing southern Italys economy
• 2. Lower birthrate and older population
• 3. Pollution is hurting older buildings
• 4. Continue mafia crackdown, particularly in
  Sicily.

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• Yugoslavia
• Yugoslavia created in 1918.
• Serbs, Croats, Slovenes.

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• After WWII
• Marshall Josip Tito
• Held Yugoslavia together through force of will.
• Tito successfully resisted the Soviets.

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• Disintegration in 1990s
• Along ethnic lines
• Slobodan Milosevic--Serb
• Create a Greater Serbia.
• Ethnic conflict perpetrated by the Serbs
• Ethnic Cleansing
• Balkanization

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• Dayton Accords-1995
• Slowed down Serbias efforts at ethnic cleansing
• NATO sent 60,000 troops.

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• Kosovo
• Effort by the Serbs to remove ethnic Albanians
  and Muslims.
• U.S. responded with force in 1999. NATO still
  there.

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• Conclusion
• Milosevic arrested in 2001. Died in the Hague.
• Slovenia is most unscathed. Other countries
  still suffering.