LONOKE COUNTY K 9 UNIT

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LONOKE COUNTY K 9 UNIT

• SCENT THEORY 101

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• I THINK I SMELL SOMETHING?
• I THINK I TASTE SOMETHING?

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• WHAT IS SCENT..
• IS IT IN THE AIR OR ON THE GROUND? IN WATER?
• DOES EACH INDIVIDUAL HUMAN HAVE IT?
• WHAT DOES IT LOOK LIKE?
• WHERE DO I FIND IT?

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• SCENT IS
• BACTERIAL
• CELLULAR
• VAPOROUS DEBRIS
• EACH PERSON HAS HIS OWN PERSONAL CLOUD WHICH IS
  DRIFTING AND BLOWING OFF OF THEMRAFTS OF SKIN,
  DEAD CELLS

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• WE WILL CALL IT SCENT
• IT IS EMITTED FROM THE BODY AT THE AIR SPEED OF
  125 FT PER MINUTE OR 1.42 MPH
• THE SCENT CONE ENDS APPROXIMATELY 1.52 FEET
  ABOVE THE HEAD
• DEPENDING ON CONDITIONS
• WIND/RAIN

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• THE OLFACTORY SENSORS
• 5 MILLION IN HUMANS
• 300 MILLION OR MORE IN BLOODHOUNDS
• 220 MILLION IN GSD
• THESE ARE SENSORY SMELL CELLS

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• CELL MEMBRANE CONTAINS
• CYTOPLASM
• NUCLEUS WHICH CONTAINS DNA INDIVIDUAL TO EACH
  HUMAN
• CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS

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• 50 MILLION CELLS DIE IN OUR BODY EVERY SECOND
• 40-50,000 SHED EVERY MINUTE
• EPITHELIAL CELLS (skin cells) LIVE FOR 36 HOURS
• WHITE BLOOD CELLS LIVE FOR 13 DAYS
• RED BLOOD CELLS LIVE FOR 120 DAYS
• NERVE CELLS LIVE 100 YEARS

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• RAFT THEORY
• COMBINATION OF ODORS
• DEAD CELLS SHED FROM
• SKIN, RESPIRATORY TRACT, DIGESTIVE TRACT.
  BACTERIAL ACTION ON THESE RAFTS RESULTS IN THE
  FORMATION OF SUBSTANCES WHICH MAKE UP THE MAIN
  INGREDIENTS OF SCENT

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• SOME OF THE PRODUCTS OF BACTERIAL ACTION INCLUDE
  -METHANE, HYDROGEN SULFIDE, VOLATILE FATTY
  ACIDS, AND AMINES SUCH AS CADAVERINE AND
  PUTRESCINE.

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• OTHER CONTRIBUTORS TO HUMAN SCENT ARE
• SECRETIONS FROM SWEAT GLANDS, WHICH SECRETE
  SUBSTANCES SUCH AS CHLORIDE, SODIUM, POTASSIUM,
  MAGNEISIUM, PHOSPHATES, NITROGENOUS COMPOUNDS AND
  WATER

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• GENETIC, CULTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS MAY
  ALSO INFLUENCE THE SCENT OF AN INDIVIDUAL BY
  ALTERING THE CONSTITUENT SUBSTANCES.

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• BACTERIAL ACTIVATION OF THOSE SUBSTANCES WHICH
  COMPRISE HUMAN SCENT MAY INCREASE THE AMOUNT OF
  SCENT OR MAY ACTIVATE/INCREASE THOSE SUBSTANCES
  NORMALLY ASSOCIATED WITH HUMAN SCENT

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• OILY SUBSTANCES SUCH AS SEBUM OR ADIPOCERE MAY
  ACT TO RETAIN THE PRESENCE OF SCENT
• ADIPOCERE
• THE INSOLUABLE FATTY ACIDS LEFT AS A RESIDUE FROM
  PREEXISTING FATS FROM DECOMPOSING MATERIAL SUCH
  AS HUMAN CADAVER

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• ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
• TEMPERATURE WARMER TEMP MAY INCREASE BACTERIAL
  ACTIVATION WHILE COOLER TEMPERATURE MAY INHIBIT
  ACTIVATION
• HUMIDITY BACTERIA REQUIRE MOISTURE TO BE HAPPY

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• PRESENCE OF CONFOUNDING ODORS GASSES SUCH AS
  METHANE, SULFIDES HINDER THE CANINES SCENTING
  ABILITY

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• SCENT TRANSPORT
• ATMOSPHERIC CONDITIONS
• STABILITY AND INSTABILITY OF THE ATMOSPHERE HAVE
  A MAJOR AFFECT ON SCENT TRANSPORT
• SOLAR RADIATION ALSO AFFECTS SCENT
  AVAILABILITY-GROUND TURBULENCE
• DAYTIME AND NIGHTTIME PATTERNS, CLOUD COVER
• WIND EFFECTS ON SCENT DISPERSION, WEATHER CHANGES
  AND FRONTAL SYSTEMS

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• SCENT TRANSPORT
• CONING
• SCENT SPREADS OUT IN THE CONFIGURATION OF A THREE
  DIMENSIONAL CONE
• LOFTING, FANNING ETC.

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• THE K 9S ABILITY TO FIND VICTIMS IS VERY CLOSELY
  TIED TO THE SCENT CONDITIONS PRESENT AT THE
  SEARCH SITE. IT IS THE HANDLERS RESPONSIBILITY TO
  IDENTIFY SCENTING CONDITIONS AND TO DIRECT THE K
  9S SEARCH IN SUCH A WAY AS TO MAXIMIZE THE
  PROBABILITY OF DETECTION BASED ON CURRENT SCENT
  CONDITIONS

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• SMELL
• MOISURE ON THE SURFACE OF A DOGS NOSE HELPS TO
  DISSOLVE MOLECULES IN THE AIR. THESE MOLECULES
  THEN COME INTO CONTACT WITH OLFACTORY MEMBRANES
  INSIDE THE DOGS NOSE

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• NERVE IMPULSES ARE THEN SENT TO THE OLFACTORY
  CENTER IN THE BRAIN. THE OLFACTORY CENTER OF A
  DOG IS MORE THAN FORTY TIMES BIGGER THAN THAT OF
  A HUMAN AND A DOGS SENSE OF SMELL IS ESTIMATED
  TO BE ONE MILLION TIMES MORE EFFICIENT THAN HUMANS

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• K9S ALSO HAVE A VOMERONASAL ORGAN IN THE ROOF OF
  THEIR MOUTHS WHICH ALLOWS THEM TO TASTE CERTAIN
  SMELLS. THIS ORGAN TRANSMITS INFORMATION
  DIRECTLY TO THE PART OF THE BRAIN KNOWN AS THE
  LIMBIC SYSTEM, WHICH CONTROLS EMOTIONAL RESPONSES.

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• TASTE
• A K9S SENSES OF TASTE AND SMELL ARE CLOSELY
  LINKED AND IT IS POSSIBLE THAT DOGS GAIN MORE
  INFORMATION ABOUT FOOD FROM ITS SMELL THEN FROM
  ITS TASTE. MOST OF THE K9S TASTE BUDS ARE
  CLUSTERED AROUND THE TIP OF THE TONGUE

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• K9S CAN DETECT BITTER, SWEET, SALTY AND SOUR
  TASTES, BUT THEIR SENSE OF TASTE IS RELATIVELY
  POOR AND THEY HAVE ONLY ONE-SIXTH THE NUMBER OF
  TASTE BUDS THAT HUMANS HAVE

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• SOURCES
• FEMA USR RESPONSE SYSTEM
• SCENT AND THE SCENTING DOG WILLIAM SYROTUCK

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• Kathy Zasimovich, Lonoke County Deputy Emergency
  Manager, Auxiliary Deputy Sheriff, Lonoke County
  K9 Unit Leader
• Bloodhound Man Trailing Education
• Hundreds of hours of weekly training, 1-2 times a
  week
• National Bloodhound Training Institute Seminar,
  Shreveport La., 2004
• Texas Bloodhound Search and Rescue Seminar,
  Saline County Ar., 2004
• Piney Creek Kennel Training Weekend, Scottsville
  AR 2004
• Piney Creek Kennel Training Weekend, Scottsville
  AR 2005
• The Alliance of Search K-9s, Jacksboro Texas
  Oct 2004
• The Alliance of Search K-9s, Jacksboro Texas
  Oct 2005
• The Alliance of Search K-9s, Jacksboro Texas
  Mar 2006
• kzasimovich_at_cebridge.net
• Work 501 676-3054
• Home 501 941-2319
• Cel 501 912-2876
• Certified Bloodhound Scent Discriminating Man
  Trailing

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