Title: 1997 Forum Series
1SPE DISTINGUISHED LECTURER SERIES is funded
principally through a grant of the SPE
FOUNDATION The Society gratefully
acknowledges those companies that support the
program by allowing their professionals to
participate as Lecturers. And special thanks to
The American Institute of Mining,
Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers (AIME) for
their contribution to the program.
2SPE Presentation on Expandable Technology
1) FUNDAMENTALS 2) FROM LAB TO FIELD 3) PRESENT
STATUS 4) THE MONO DIAMETER WELL 5) Qs As
Presenter John Dewar, Programme Manager in
Shell with responsibility for Research,
Development and Early Implementation of the
technology across all regions
3Technology Fundamentals
Expandable Tubulars involves permanently
deforming the pipe through a cold working process.
4Video of lab expansion Rijswijk
5History of Expandable Technology
- 1865 Patterson Sheet metal formed into a
tube - 1910 Mettler Repair Patch, ductile
pipe/rotary expansion - 1917 Leonard Corrugated pipe/solid cone
expansion against formation - 1940 English Ductile pipe/fluid pressure
or explosive charge expansion against
formation or casing - 1962 Vincent Corrugated pipe coated with
fiberglass saturated with liquid resin 1980-
present Corrugated pipe expanded by pressure
and roller cone
Tatneft/Russia Patching of troublezones (1,500
wells installed) - 1992 Lohbeck Slotted Completion Liner using
solid cone (Shell) - 1995 Donnelly Expandable Sand Screens
(Shell) - 1992 Worrall Solid cone expansion of ductile
casing (Shell) - 1992- present Exponential growth of patents
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11TYPICAL EXPANSION EQUATIONS
12Comparison of API L80 TO POST EXPANDED LSX 80
Expanded 7 5/8 LSX 80
Normal 9 5/8 API L80
9 5/8 casing
9 5/8 casing
13RD Challenges
- Launcher assembly Improve Deployment process
- Increase post expanded Collapse Pipe material
selection - Connectors Gas Tight connector with high
expansion ratios - Pipe Reduce cost with new materials or relax
specs. - Cone Reliable multiusable Collapsible and or
Compliant Fixed cone - Contingency Systems How to recover from
unwanted events
14PART 2 - FROM LAB TO FIELD How to accelerate
implementation
15Hurdles to innovation the Blockers
50 penetration
Commercial
Idea
Prototype
Field test
- Lack of stability in funding
- Limited patent protection
- Multiowner decision structures
- Fewer elephant fields to sponsor development
- "Not invented here" syndrome
- NPV techniques undervalue optionality of field
testing - Traditional BU performance metrics fail to
capture company value
- Cannibalization concerns
- Underdeveloped risk-sharing models
- Lengthy deployment processes
- Declining academic consortiums
- Limited funding
- Declining flow of top talent to industry
(McKinsey analysis)
16Industry Tension
- EP companies- reduced RD budgets- unwilling
to share value- high cost of failure- scorecard
driven
- Small Innovators (SMEs)
- - Ambitious, nimble
- lack funding
- limited market access
- Big Service Companies- lack of incentives -
limited innovation - - bitter past experiences!
17Skill sets across the Technology Process
Major Operator
Major Service Provider
Joint Venture
18Conclusion Some Form of Technology Partnership
is required
Options
- Joint Venture- where both parties provide
services, expertise and funds with a shared Board
of Directors - Licensee where one party has secured the
rights (sometimes on an exclusive or semi
exclusive basis) via payment and/or royalties - Contract - where one party simply pays another
for RD delivery
Note They all have pros and cons and all require
clear guidelines on exclusivity, IP ownership,
transfer of technology and payment structure
19Modus Operandi for Global Implementation
Global Champion
Industrial partners Joint Venture
Halliburton Shell Service company -
Enventure Licensee Weatherford Contracts VM,
Ruma
Head Office RD Implementation team
Initial Field Trials budget
Regional Engineers outposted in the OUs
AMERICAS
AFRICA
AUSTRALASIA
MIDDLE EAST
EUROPE
Brunei Malaysia Philippines China Australia New
Zealand
Nigeria Gabon Cameroon Angola Namibia
Oman Syria Abu Dhabi UAE Egypt
USA Canada Venezuela Brasil
UK Holland Norway Austria
20Industry Footage of Solids (SETs) and Screens(
ESS)
SETs (through to July 2004)
ESS (through to Jan 2004)
21Comparison of Technology Uptakes
Time (years)
22PART 3 OVERVIEW OF THE PRODUCTS, FIELD
APPLICATIONS, COMPANIES AND INDUSTRY OPINION
233 Generic types of Products
Solids For normal well construction
Screens For well completions
Clads For workovers
24Expandable Products
Product Groups
Product Groups
-
Drilling
-
Drilling
Casing/Tubing Clad
Casing / Cr Tubing Clad
-
Mono
-
Diameter
-
Mono
-
Diameter
-
Completion
-
Completion
-
Remediation
-
Remediation
Mono
-
diameter
well
Expandable Liner hanger
Expandable Liner hanger
Open
-
hole Clad
Open
-
hole Clad
Expandable Slotted
Cure Lost Circulation
Cure Lost Circulation
-
-
Sand screen
Prevent Shale
-
sloughing
Prevent Shale
-
sloughing
-
-
Tubing/Casing
Patch
Open
-
hole Clad
Abandonment plug
Abandonment plug
-
water shut
-
off
25Companies providing Expandable Products ( has
been increasing over the last 3-4 years)
- Halliburton
- Read
- Weatherford
- Enventure,
- Baker
- Tatneft
- TIW
Health warning Beware of IP infringement and
technical capabilities
26Expandable Technology Implementation in Shell
- NAM, NL
- 13Cr cased hole clad
- Expandable sand screens
- EXPRO, UK
- Horiz. Exp. Sand screens
- Horiz. open hole liners
- RAG Austria
- Cased hole clad
- SSB, Malaysia
- Expandable sand screens
- Cased hole clad
- BSP, Brunei
- Expandable sand screens
- Cased hole clad
- Pecten, Cameroon
- Expandable sand screens
- SEPCO, US
- MonoDiameter Technology
- Deepwater slim well construction
- Cased hole clad
- PDO, Oman
- Cased hole clad
- Alternative borehole liner
- Exp. sand screens
- Open hole clad swelling elastomers
- SPDC, Nigeria
- Horiz. Exp. sand screens
- Horiz open hole liners
- Woodside, Australia
- Expandable sand screens
27Converting a 5 ½ Carbon Steel Gas well to a 7
5/8 Cr13 well in Europe
- maximum size conduit
- minimum resistance
- 13 Chrome tubing
- no inhibition required
- increased strength
10 3/4
Result 60-80 gain in production
28Expandable Tubulars Multi-client Project
- Assessment of Worldwide Market
- Opportunities for Expandable
- Tubular Technology
23 January, 2004
29Final Geographic Coverage - Operators
Total sample 95
Personal interviews in Houston, Rijswijk, Middle
East Far East.
30Main Benefits of Solid Expandables
NOTE Even non users can benefit by being able
to slim down wells with a SET as a contingency
string
31Are Expandables a Solution ?
Are Expandables a Solution? ()
Note Please see Individual Summaries for
detailed comments.
32Why Expandables Have Not Been Used
Mentions
Note A few stating no application probably
have some.
33PART 4 - THE MONO-DIAMETER WELL Is it a dream,
a reality, a con trick or a white elephant ???
34Monodiameter Well Concept
The Vision
35Business case for the MonoDiameter well
- It can lower Unit Operating costs by
- Faster drilling / cheaper rigs
- Lowers costs of casing, bits, mud, cement,
wellhead, cuttings cleaning etc. - Lowers logistics costs (helicopters, supply
boats) - Helps the environment
- Always gets well to TD
- Increases Near and Far Field Potential
36Application of Monodiameter wellsfor Extended
Reach Drilling
offloading tanker
- Long Sidetracks become feasible
- Apply conventional maintenance
- Good Flow assurance
- Can avoid costly sub sea templates
- and pipelines on sea bed
-
37Concept is already proven
16" Surface Pipe
1600'
11-3/4" Conventional
- Thomas Rife-15 (Sth Texas)
- MOD Concept was field proven in 2002
- Used 2 trip process ie bottoms up expansion
followed by top down expansion - Did not provide zonal isolation
- Provided the impetus to start RD work on a
commercial single trip MOD system in 2003 -
- New MOD Technology has been developed and is
presently being tested
9-5/8" MoD Xliner
9-5/8" MoD Xliner
9-5/8" MoD Xliner
2800'
Top of Window
6800'
Base Whipstock
7630'
38Early concept design of MOD Deployment String
(Shell IP)
Drill Pipe
Gripper
Casing Anchor
Un-Expanded Casing
Hydraulic Actuator
Packer Cups
Shear Pins
Expandable Cone Assy
Locking Dogs
Packer
Float Valve
39Monodiameter Test Well - 2004
16 casing to 40 ft
- Test Objectives
- Â
- Verification of 3 single trip MOD sections
- Creation of 2 bells downhole
- Deviation (15deg) and DLS (3 deg/100)
- Repeated jacking cycles (instead of hydraulics)
as contingency - Test MOD zonal isolation using elastomers without
cement - Expansion against formation
- Â
- Timing before year end 2004
11 ¾ surface casing
2500 ft
3 MOD sections (ie 9 5/8 pre expanded casing
with post expanded ID of 10.4) Lower 2 bell
sections formed downhole Lowest section using
elastomers without cement
Circa 4500 ft
40- Monodiameter (MOD) Development Summary
- Monodiameter Technology was successfully tested
in Sth Texas in 2002 (2 pass system) - New single trip MOD system has been designed and
tested in test rig in Duncan (Oklahoma) - Ready to be field tested in well Nov/December
2004 - Should be commerically available to the industry
in second half 2005 - 7 5/8MOD to follow if there is Customer demand
41 Expandable Presentation Summary
- Fundamentals Simple BUT only when you know how
- How to accelerate global implementation
- Review of products/companies/industry opinions
- MOD Not a dream anymore
Conclusion As field sizes go down and costs go
up, expandable technology can help you add value.
Thank you all for coming .and thanks to the
SPE and the Host Committee