53:071 Hydraulics and Hydrology Project

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53071 Hydraulics and HydrologyProject
1Pelton Turbine

• Marian Muste, Gokhan Kirkil
• and George Constantinescu

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Problem Statement

• A childrens museum in Colorado has purchased a
  small Pelton turbine for its new display on
  renewable energy.

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Problem Statement

• The museum wishes to operate the turbine (with
  available flows) and sell the power on the open
  market.
• You have been hired as a consultant to the museum.

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Project Objectives

• Your jobs are
• 1.Using the measurements of relevant hydraulic
  and electrical variables for various loads in the
  power grid of the hydroelectric power system,
  determine energy conversion efficiency
  (hydraulic, electric and total).
• 2.Determine energy (kWh) that can be generated
  from the laboratory-scale Pelton turbine, and the
  revenue it can generate (/year) for the museum.

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Site Information

• The effective head (pressure) for operations at
  the site is about 51.5 psi (Havailable).
• Variations in the forebay elevation are assumed
  to be minor.

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Operational Information

• The museum will operate the turbine 7 days a week
  (9 am to 4 pm).
• The museum has secured water rights to divert
  flows from the South Platte River. The allotted
  diversion depends on the average monthly flow
  rate in the river.

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Laboratory Component

• Determine the energy conversion efficiency
  (hydraulic and/or electrical and total) of the
  laboratory-scale Pelton turbine for the proposed
  operating conditions (Havailable, Q) under
  different loads (constant rotational speed) or
  under different rotational speeds (constant
  discharge).
• The project is designed to allow documenting the
  efficiency of the energy conversion in a
  hydropower plant.

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Engineering Analysis Components

• Compute the energy produced (kWh/yr) if operated
  as planned.
• Estimate the revenue that can be generated if the
  energy is sold on the open market (/year).

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Principle
Centrifugal turbine high speed jet hits the
blades of the turbine and as a result of momentum
transfer the turbine shaft rotates with a
certain frequency
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Laboratory Apparatus
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Laboratory Objective 1

• Determine energy conversion efficiency
  (hydraulic, electric and total) for the
  laboratory-scale Pelton turbine for various loads
  in the system (10 bulbs) under constant
  rotational speed.

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Laboratory ProceduresPart-1-Electrical
generation part

• TA sets the discharge and initial measuring speed
  with the brake off.
• Turn on the generator switch and bring generator
  to 60Hz using the input flow valve.
• Apply the first electrical load to generator. As
  power line frequency drops, in order to maintain
  60 Hz open input valve slowly.
• Measure the rotational speed (rpm) of the shaft
  (N), residual torque (T) (lb-in), voltage (V)
  (volts) and the current (I) (amps).
• Measure the head on the weir (H1) and record the
  reference point (H0). This is needed to measure
  the discharge
• Repeat steps 3-5 as second, third and fourth
  loads are added to the system.

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Data Sheet -1
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Data Analysis-1

• Determine the discharge using a triangular weir
  formula
• Q2.49(H1-H0)2.48.
• Determine Pavail, Phydr, Pelec (lbf-ft/sec) for
  four different loads in the systems.
• Determine ?hydr, ?elec, ?total.

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Laboratory Objective 2

• Determine energy conversion efficiency
  (hydraulic) curves of the turbine for 2
  operational discharges.

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Laboratory ProceduresPart-2 Determine hydraulic
efficiency curve for the turbine

• TA sets the first discharge and initial measuring
  speed with the brake off.
• Tighten the friction hand-wheel (this reduces the
  rotational speed) and record the torque and
  rotational speed.
• Repeat Step 2 with ?N 50-100 rpm until the
  rotational speed reaches about 500 rpm
• Measure the head on the weir (H1) and record the
  reference point (H0)
• TA adjusts to a lower discharge. Read the new
  initial rotational speed with the brake off.
• Repeat Steps 2 to 5
• Plot hydraulic efficiency vs. rotational speed
  for the two discharges

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Data Sheet -2
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Data Analysis-2

• Determine the discharge using Q2.49(H1-H0)2.48.
• Determine the hydraulic efficiency of the
  turbine.
• Plot the rotational speed vs. the hydraulic
  efficiency of the turbine for two discharges.

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Sample Result
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Project Report

• Provide the client (the museum director) with a
  concise report that answers the project
  objectives
• Consultation with Center for Technical
  Communication (CTC) is mandatory for this project
  (you should show proof that you consulted with
  CTC when you submit the report).